Abstract: Compounds of the formula wherein m is 0, 1 or 2; wherein when m is 0, Z is O, when m is 1, Z is N, and when m is 2, Z is C; Y is H, OH, NH2, or an organic moiety of 1-20 C, optionally additionally containing 1-8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, P, O, S and halo; each 11 1 and 12 is independently 0-5; 13 is O or 1; each of R1, R2 and R3 is independently alkyl (1-6 C), aryl (6-10 C) or arylalkyl (7-16 C) optionally containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of halo, N, P, O, and S or each of R1 and R2 may independently be halo, COOR, CONR2, CF3, CN or NO2, wherein R is H or lower alkyl (1-4 C) or alkyl (1-6 C); n is 0 or 1; X is a linker; with the proviso that Y is not a tropolone, a coumarin, or an antioxidant containing an aromatic group and with the further proviso that if 13 is 0, and either 11 and 12 is 0 or 1 and if R1 and/or R2 represent F in the para position, Z cannot be C or N; and are useful to treat pain.

Abstract: The invention pertains generally to the field of drug discovery science. More specifically, the invention refers to a drug screening assay and device that is used to test the effect of specific chemical compounds as use dependent ion channel blockers. The invention includes a unique method for stimulating cells with photoconductive stimulation and reading consequent cell ion channel activity with the optical imaging of fluorescent dyes.

Abstract: This document provides assay systems related to detecting electrical activity and assessing agents for the ability to influence electrical activity. For example, methods and materials for identifying agents capable of treating seizure like behavior are provided herein.

Abstract: Certain piperazine compounds are described which are useful in altering calcium channel activity.