Abstract: Wafer alignment apparatus includes an aligner platform having defined thereon X and Y axes and a desired rotational orientation for a wafer. A first vacuum spinner is supported for rotation in the platform about the intersection of the X and Y axes and second and third spinners are provided displaced from the intersection of the axes. Two edge sensors, for sensing the desired wafer edge location at two points separated from each other, and edge or notch sensors for sensing rotational alignment of said wafer provide inputs to logic means which provide outputs to the vacuum spinners for carrying out a series of individual rotations to align the wafer.

Abstract: A wide angle strip camera system which, in combination, includes a wide angle lens, having a curved conjugate focal surface, an image-receiving surface, a curved exposure slit disposed adjacent the image-receiving surface; the lens, image-receiving surface and exposure slit being so mounted that a semicircular strip at a constant preselected field angle in an object field is focused on the image-receiving surface. The system is fixedly supported in a vehicle, such as an aircraft, whereby the forward velocity of the vehicle provides image motion. The exposure slit is curved to correspond to field points of equal range so that there is negligible differential image motion within the slit, the slit being of such width in the direction of vehicle motion to result in uniform exposure; and the image-receiving surface is driven in the direction of vehicle movement at a speed corresponding to the altitude-velocity ratio of the vehicle with respect to the object field.

Abstract: A wide angle strip camera system which, in combination, includes a wide angle lens, having a curved conjugate focal surface, a first image-receiving surface, a first curved exposure slit disposed adjacent the first image-receiving surface; the lens, first image-receiving surface and first exposure slit being so mounted that a first curved strip at a constant preselected field angle in an object field is focused on the first image-receiving surface; a second image-receiving surface; a second curved exposure slit disposed adjacent the second image-receiving surface; fold flat elements interposed between the lens and the second exposure slit; the lens, fold flat elements, second image-receiving surface, and second exposure slit being so mounted that a second curved strip at a second constant preselected field angle in the object field is focused on the second image-receiving surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating and enhancing the visibility of a region in a transparent medium containing light scattering particles, such as fog or smoke in air or particles in water, comprises a source of a beam of illumination that is narrow in one plane and a viewing collimator for narrowly restricting the observer's instantaneous field of view in a single plane having the same general vertical, horizontal or other orientation as the beam of illumination. The viewing collimator and the illuminating source are spaced apart and mounted for relative movement of the collimated instantaneous field of view and the illuminating beam to cause them to intersect in a region in front of and distant from the observer and for the region of their intersection to scan a larger region.