Abstract: Optical loupes comprise a frame supporting two optical devices, each of which has an ocular and an objective. The frame has side arms or stems and a bridge for enabling the frame to be worn like a pair of spectacles, whereby the optical devices are located immediately in front of the eyes of the viewer. The ocular and the objective each have an optical axis. The optical axis of the ocular and the optical axis of the objective intersect at an angle of about 135.degree., and a Schmidt prism redirects light from the objective to the ocular in each case. A light source is provided on the frame between the optical devices and provides a gradually diverging light beam to illuminate an object being reviewed. The optical axes of the respective objectives converge at the object being reviewed. The loupes allow the user to observe at a level below his or her normal line of sight while maintaining the head in an upright position.

Abstract: A cutter to remove corneas from eyes which includes a body adapted to be placed and held on an eye and which has a rotatable carriage including a contact lens which rests against the surface of the cornea to restrict movement thereof and which has associated therewith a knife, the depth of cut of which is adjustable so that on a combination of rotation of the carriage and adjustment of depth of cut the cornea can be removed, the removed cornea having a truncated conical outer surface. The specification also describes a surgical method of removing and replacing corneas in eyes.