Abstract: The present invention comprises novel culture methods and devices in which living cells or subcellular biocatalysts are immobilized in an open chamber defined by two rotating disks. The fluid force of nutrient fluids flowing into the chamber opposes the centripetal force created by rotation of the device to suspend the cells within the chamber and promote cell growth. Use of an open chamber increases the capacity of the device to produce the desired cellular products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel culture methods and devices in which living cells or subcellular biocatalysts are immobilized in an open chamber defined by two rotating disks. The fluid force of nutrient fluids flowing into the chamber opposes the centripetal force created by rotation of the device to suspend the cells within the chamber and promote cell growth. Use of an open chamber increases the capacity of the device to produce the desired cellular products. Commercial applications of the apparatus include efficient isolation of metals from ores and removal of gases. Further, the present invention is directed to methods and apparatuses for degrading, removing or remediating contaminants, such as ether-based environmental contaminants, by removing the contaminants from a contaminated fluid using a biocatalyst to remediate the contaminant.

Abstract: Remediation of gases is accomplished by intimately mixing the products of combustion with a minute quantity of ozone to convert pollutants to highly soluble compounds. The resulting gas mixture is then reduced in temperature and the problematic gas constituents are placed into solution. This is accomplished through the use of one or more water spray towers, placed in series with the gas flow. The clean gas is released. The contaminated water is remediated by water treatment methods and apparatuses, such as those employing the CBR Patents.

Abstract: The present invention comprises novel culture methods and devices in which living cells or subcellular biocatalysts are immobilized in an open chamber defined by two rotating disks. The fluid force of nutrient fluids flowing into the chamber opposes the centripetal force created by rotation of the device to suspend the cells within the chamber and promote cell growth. Use of an open chamber increases the capacity of the device to produce the desired cellular products.