Abstract: A display device comprises row (5) and column (6) electrodes and a movable element (3) and means (17) for supplying voltages to the electrodes, wherein the row electrodes are situated on the movable element. The means supply, in operation, such voltages to the electrodes that use is made of the memory effect of the movable element. More in particular, the row electrodes are, in operation, supplied with “on”, “off” and “hold” voltages and the column electrodes are supplied with “hold” and ‘off’-voltages. Application of “on” voltages turns on the pixels in a row, simultaneous application of “off” voltages turns a pixel off. Application of a “hold” voltage to either one of the electrodes preserves the status of the pixel.

Abstract: A light valve for controlled transmission of light comprises first and second elements at least one of which is controllably movable into optical contact with the other element. Means are provided for projecting light on the first of the two elements on the side remote from the second of the two elements. Each facing side of the elements is provided with an interference filter layer, which interference filter layers, when being in optical contact with each other, have a transmission for light projected onto the light valve in a wavelength range determined by the interference filter layers. This transmission differs from the transmission that would occur in the case where the interference filter layers are not in optical contact with each other.

Abstract: A display device comprises row (5) and column (6) electrodes and a movable element (3) and means (17) for supplying voltages to the electrodes, wherein the row electrodes are situated on the movable element. The means supply, in operation, such voltages to the electrodes that use is made of the memory effect of the movable element. More in particular, the row electrodes are, in operation, supplied with “on”, “off” and “hold” voltages and the column electrodes are supplied with “hold” and ‘off’-voltages. Application of “on” voltages turns on the pixels in a row, simultaneous application of “off” voltages turns a pixel off. Application of a “hold” voltage to either one of the electrodes preserves the status of the pixel.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an electron source and an electron beam guidance cavity having an input aperture and an output aperture, wherein at least a part of the wall of the electron beam guidance cavity near the output aperture comprises an insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient &dgr;1 for cooperation with the cathode. Furthermore, the cathode ray tube comprises a first electrode which is connectable to a first power supply for applying, in operation, an electric field with a first field strength E1 between the cathode and the output aperture. &dgr;1 and E1 have values which allow electron transport through the electron beam guidance cavity. The cathode ray tube further comprises a conventional main lens to obtain a spot on a display screen. According to the invention, an electron lens is placed between the exit of the cavity and the main lens for directing the electron beam at a predetermined angle towards the entrance of the main lens.

Abstract: A display device comprises row (5) and column (6) electrodes and a movable element (3) and means (17) for supplying voltages to the electrodes, wherein the row electrodes are situated on the movable element. The means supply, in operation, such voltages to the electrodes that use is made of the memory effect of the movable element. More in particular, the row electrodes are, in operation, supplied with “on”, “off” and “hold” voltages and the column electrodes are supplied with “hold” and ‘off’-voltages. Application of “on” voltages turns on the pixels in a row, simultaneous application of “off” voltages turns a pixel off. Application of a “hold” voltage to either one of the electrodes preserves the status of the pixel.

Abstract: A light valve (1) for controlled transmission of light comprises a first (4, 5, 6) and a second (8, 9) element at least one (8, 9) of which two elements is controllably movable into optical contact with the other element (4, 5, 6). Each facing side of the elements is provided with an interference filter layer (6, 8), which interference filter layers (6, 8), when being in optical contact with each other, have a transmission for light projected onto the light valve in a wavelength range determined by the interference filter layers (6, 8), which transmission differs from the transmission in the case where the interference filter layers (6, 8) are not in optical contact with each other. Such light valves (1) are used in devices comprising a light source (3) and for displaying signals that are present in an electronic form. The light valve (1) is used to control the transmission of light emitted by the light source (3) based on signals which are present in an electronic form.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an electron source and an electron beam guidance cavity having an input aperture and an output aperture, wherein at least a part of the wall of the electron beam guidance cavity near the output aperture comprises an isolating material having a secondary emission coefficient &dgr;1 for cooperation with the cathode and for forming an electron source. Furthermore, the cathode ray tube comprises a first electrode which is connectable to a first voltage source for applying, in operation, an electric field with a first field strength E1 between the cathode and the output aperture. &dgr;1 and E1 have values, which allow electron transport through the electron beam guidance cavity. According to the invention, the cathode structure comprises means for reducing the spread of the energy distribution of the electrons leaving the exit aperture between the input of the cavity and the accelerating grid.

Abstract: A display device comprises row (5) and column (6) electrodes and a movable element (3) and means (17) for supplying voltages to the electrodes, wherein the row electrodes are situated on the movable element. The means supply, in operation, such voltages to the electrodes that use is made of the memory effect of the movable element. More in particular, the row electrodes are, in operation, supplied with “on”, “off” and “hold” voltages and the column electrodes are supplied with “hold” and ‘off’-voltages. Application of “on” voltages turns on the pixels in a row, simultaneous application of “off” voltages turns a pixel off. Application of a “hold” voltage to either one of the electrodes preserves the status of the pixel.

Abstract: In an electron beam apparatus corrections are made for vibrations and field disturbances which cause a lateral beam shift. A detector is arranged in an intermediate image near the beam path and a signal derived therefrom is used for controlling a beam deflection device. When a second beam deflection device is added, the undesired deflection in a scanning electron microscope can be distinguished from the deflection caused by the scanning.