Abstract: A plant and a process may be utilized to isolate a carboxylic acid from a fermentation broth. The process may involve separating a biomass from the fermentation broth containing a salt of the carboxylic acid to produce a low-biomass solution. The separation of the biomass may be performed in a first step by centrifugation, separation, precoat filtration, or microfiltration, and in a second step by ultrafiltration. The process may further involve concentrating the salt of the carboxylic acid in the low-biomass solution. The concentrated solution may then be acidified. Further, precipitation of the carboxylic acid may be obtained by acidification.

Abstract: A method for concentrating and crystallizing fermentable carboxylic acids, salts, and mixtures thereof may involve the use of carboxylic acids that have a defined temperature dependence of the solubility and of the osmotic pressure. The carboxylic acids may be concentrated by a membrane method and subsequently crystallized out by a cooling crystallization and isolated. In some examples, the membrane method may involve nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation for separation into a concentrate and a permeate. Similarly, an apparatus for implementing such methods may include a nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation unit for concentrating the carboxylic acid, and at least one cooling crystallization unit for crystallizing the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method for concentrating and crystallizing fermentable carboxylic acids, salts, and mixtures thereof may involve the use of carboxylic acids that have a defined temperature dependence of the solubility and of the osmotic pressure. The carboxylic acids may be concentrated by a membrane method and subsequently crystallized out by a cooling crystallization and isolated. In some examples, the membrane method may involve nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation for separation into a concentrate and a permeate. Similarly, an apparatus for implementing such methods may include a nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation unit for concentrating the carboxylic acid, and at least one cooling crystallization unit for crystallizing the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container for refrigerating goods with dry ice. The container comprises an enclosed interior space subdivided by partition walls into a plurality of compartments which include one refrigerant compartment adapted to be charged with dry ice refrigerant and at least one chillroom compartment adapted for the containment of the goods to be refrigerated. The refrigerant compartment communicates with the chillroom compartment by openings which allow evaporating carbon dioxide from the dry ice to enter the chillroom compartment. The container also includes storage means of water located between the refrigerant compartment and the chillroom compartment in a sufficient quantity that at the beginning of the evaporation of the dry ice, the temperature in the chillroom compartment does not become substantially below -78.degree. C.Also disclosed is a method for refrigerating goods utilizing dry ice and storage means of water in the above mentioned container.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for automatically dispensing CO.sub.2 snow on articles moved by a conveyer underneath a snow storage container-dispenser outlet opening. The dispensing is controlled by a motor driven segmented drum with brush-like elastic blades closing the dispenser outlet opening actuated when an article is moved into place thereunder. The snow is generated from liquid CO.sub.2 flowing through cooling coils in the snow and dispensed through a nozzle in the upper portion of the container in response to capacity sensing means such as a photocell level detector to thereby keep the container snow level constant.