Abstract: A main module for a modular system for self-examination of an eye is provided. The main module has an interface for coupling with at least one other module of the modular system and a processor. The processor is configured to perform at least one eye test algorithm by controlling the at least one other module.

Abstract: An optical 3-D sensor for very fast, highly resolved and dense capture of the surface shape of objects in 3-D space. One image or a plurality of images recorded at the same time in a single shot method suffice for the recording. Using this, it is possible, as a matter of principle, to record 3-D data with the frame rate of the employed cameras, i.e. to build a 3-D video camera. The optical 3-D sensor has a projector projecting a line pattern onto the object, and K cameras, which each record an image of the object illuminated by the projector. The line pattern contains lines in a number of R directions and the K cameras are disposed to span up to K×R triangulation sensors. The triangulation sensors are coupled by a control and evaluation unit by way of the common line pattern.

Abstract: A main module for a modular system for self-examination of an eye is provided. The main module has an interface for coupling with at least one other module of the modular system and a processor. The processor is configured to perform at least one eye test algorithm by controlling the at least one other module.

Abstract: An optical 3-D sensor for very fast, highly resolved and dense capture of the surface shape of objects in 3-D space. One image or a plurality of images recorded at the same time in a single shot method suffice for the recording. Using this, it is possible, as a matter of principle, to record 3-D data with the frame rate of the employed cameras, i.e. to build a 3-D video camera. The optical 3-D sensor has a projector projecting a line pattern onto the object, and K cameras, which each record an image of the object illuminated by the projector. The line pattern contains lines in a number of R directions and the K cameras are disposed to span up to K×R triangulation sensors. The triangulation sensors are coupled by a control and evaluation unit by way of the common line pattern.

Abstract: The surface shape of a three-dimensional object is acquired with an optical sensor. The sensor, which has a projection device and a camera, is configured to generate three-dimensional data from a single exposure, and the sensor is moved relative to the three-dimensional object, or vice versa. A pattern is projected onto the three-dimensional object and a sequence of overlapping images of the projected pattern is recorded with the camera. A sequence of 3D data sets is determined from the recorded images and a registration is effected between subsequently obtained 3D data sets. This enables the sensor to be moved freely about the object, or vice versa, without tracking their relative position, and to determine a surface shape of the three-dimensional object on the fly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for high-resolution deflectometric determination of the local slope and of the three-dimensional shape of an object (6). The apparatus comprises a microscopic imaging system (5, 4, 8) having a numerical aperture (sin u), a focus plane (6a) and a receiving unit (9, 10); an illuminating system (1, 3, 4, 13, 13a) having a grating generator (1) that preferably generates a sine grating (2); and a control and evaluating unit. The object (6) is located in the object space of the imaging system. The illuminating system (13, 13a), which is fashioned as an illuminating system for reflected-light objects or for transmitted-light objects, generates a series of grating images (7), which are projected as virtual images into the object space a distance d from the focus plane of the microscopic imaging system.

Abstract: The surface shape of a three-dimensional object is acquired with an optical sensor. The sensor, which has a projection device and a camera, is configured to generate three-dimensional data from a single exposure, and the sensor is moved relative to the three-dimensional object, or vice versa. A pattern is projected onto the three-dimensional object and a sequence of overlapping images of the projected pattern is recorded with the camera. A sequence of 3D data sets is determined from the recorded images and a registration is effected between subsequently obtained 3D data sets. This enables the sensor to be moved freely about the object, or vice versa, without tracking their relative position, and to determine a surface shape of the three-dimensional object on the fly.

Abstract: A method teaches how to measure—even strongly curved—specular surfaces with an apparatus that measures a shape as well as local surface normals absolutely. This is achieved by the observation and evaluation of patterns that are reflected at the surface. The reflected patterns are observed from different directions. The evaluation is done by termination of those locations in space, where the surface normals that are observed from different directions, have at least deviations against each other.

Abstract: A method teaches how to measure—even strongly curved—specular surfaces with an apparatus that measures a shape as well as local surface normals absolutely. This is achieved by the observation and evaluation of patterns that are reflected at the surface. The reflected patterns are observed from different directions. The evaluation is done by termination of those locations in space, where the surface normals that are observed from different directions, have at least deviations against each other.

Abstract: Optical imaging systems are used for making microstructures, and have to be very precise. In order to test these imaging systems, a new method, and a device for carrying out this method, are described in which two interferograms are made and compared. In a first step, an interferogram of an original pattern is made, followed by a second step in which an interferogram of a copy of the original pattern is produced using the identical conditions used to form the first interferogram. The pattern copy is made in the imaging system to be tested. In a third step, the two interferograms are compared with one another to provide a measure of the accuracy of the imaging system. This technique can be used for testing imaging systems which produce only a mirror image.

Abstract: A method for testing optical imaging systems by the use of moire stripes, wherein two copies of an optical grating are made and simultaneously illuminated to produce a moire pattern which is a measure of the distortion of the imaging system. In a first step an original grating is transferred by a light beam as a contact copy onto a substrate. In a second step, the imaging system to be tested copies the original grating for a second time onto the substrate, except that the second grating copy is rotated slightly with respect to the first grating copy. The points of intersection of the two superimposed gratings produce moire stripes when illuminated, the positions of the stripes being calculated precisely with the assumption that ideal gratings were used. If the imaging system to be tested shows distortions, the position of the moire stripes that are observed will not correspond to these calculated positions. The deviation therefrom is a measure of the imaging system errors.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for increasing the range of depth of focus when optically imaging three dimensional objects having different depth ranges corresponding to desired image levels wherein the object is focused through at a plurality of levels to produce a plurality of images. At each level, the image produced has sharp details and unfocused details. Each image is filtered with a high pass filter to suppress unfocused details and to pass sharp details. The images are then summed to produce a composite image containing only the sharp details passed by the filtering step. If desired, the filter may be selectively by-passed in order to sum unfiltered images. By utilizing the method of an apparatus for practicing the instant invention more meaningful visual displays of three-dimensional objects are obtained.