Abstract: A method for estimating a consumed lifetime of the energy storage device includes measuring a time-series of an environmental relative humidity and a related temperature of the energy storage device; and estimating, based on the time-series and on a moisture diffusion model of the energy storage device, the consumed lifetime of the energy storage device.

Abstract: A method for estimating a present quality of the energy storage device comprises measuring a first length change of a first surface of the energy storage device; measuring a temperature and/or a second length change of a second surface of the energy storage device; and estimating the present quality of the energy storage device based on the first length change combined with the temperature and/or the second length change of the energy storage device.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing the following. The apparatus maintains, in a memory, information on a computational model for thermal behavior of layers of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor, IGBT, module. The apparatus obtains measurements of the dissipated power at the semiconductors and the ambient temperature and determines one or more current values of one or more temperatures of the IGBT module based on a switching delay of the IGBT module. The apparatus calculates a current estimate of a joint state-parameter space of the computational model using a Bayesian filter and the computational model taking as inputs the dissipated power and the ambient temperature. The joint state-parameter space includes the one or more temperatures, one or more thermal loss parameters and one or more wear parameters. The one or more current values of the one or more temperatures are used as observations in the Bayesian filter.

Abstract: A power semiconductor module includes a substrate with a metallization layer that is structured. A semiconductor chip having a first side bonded to the metallization layer. A metal clip, which is a strip of metal, has a first planar part bonded to a second side of the semiconductor chip opposite to the first side. The metal clip also has a second planar part bonded to the metallization layer. A mold encapsulation at least partially encloses the substrate and the metal clip. The mold encapsulation has a recess approaching towards the first planar part of the metal clip. The semiconductor chip is completely enclosed by the mold encapsulation, the substrate and the metal clip and the first planar part of the metal clip is at least partially exposed by the recess. A sensor is accommodated in the recess.

Abstract: Manufacturing of flip-chip type assemblies is provided, and includes forming one or more contact elements of electrically conductive material on a carrier surface of at least one chip carrier, providing a restrain structure around the contact elements, depositing solder material on the contact elements and/or on one or more terminals of electrically conductive material on a chip surface of at least one integrated circuit chip, and placing the chip with each terminal facing corresponding contact elements. Further, the method includes soldering each terminal to the corresponding contact element by a soldering material, the soldering material being restrained during a soldering of the terminals to the contact elements by the restrain structure, and forming one or more heat dissipation elements of thermally conductive material on the carrier surface for facing the chip surface displaced from the terminals, where the one or more heat dissipation elements are free of any solder mask.

Abstract: A solution relating to electronic devices of flip-chip type is provided, which includes at least one chip carrier having a carrier surface, the carrier(s) including one or more contact elements of electrically conductive material on the carrier surface, at least one integrated circuit chip having a chip surface, the chip(s) including one or more terminals of electrically conductive material on the chip surface each one facing a corresponding contact element, solder material soldering each terminal to the corresponding contact element, and a restrain structure around the contact elements for restraining the solder material during a soldering of the terminals to the contact elements. The carrier includes one or more heat dissipation elements of thermally conductive material on the carrier surface facing the chip surface displaced from the terminals, the dissipation elements being free of any solder mask.

Abstract: Manufacturing of flip-chip type assemblies is provided, and includes forming one or more contact elements of electrically conductive material on a carrier surface of at least one chip carrier, providing a restrain structure around the contact elements, depositing solder material on the contact elements and/or on one or more terminals of electrically conductive material on a chip surface of at least one integrated circuit chip, and placing the chip with each terminal facing corresponding contact elements. Further, the method includes soldering each terminal to the corresponding contact element by a soldering material, the soldering material being restrained during a soldering of the terminals to the contact elements by the restrain structure, and forming one or more heat dissipation elements of thermally conductive material on the carrier surface for facing the chip surface displaced from the terminals, where the one or more heat dissipation elements are free of any solder mask.

Abstract: A disconnect assembly includes a solid frame comprising a slit and a first liquid coolant circuit leading to a frame outlet defined in an inner wall of the slit. The assembly further includes an insert element, insertable in the slit so as to reach a sealing position. The latter defines a shut state, in which the insert element seals the frame outlet. The assembly includes a cold plate, comprising a second liquid coolant circuit with a duct open on a side of the cold plate. The cold plate can be inserted in the slit, so as to push the insert element, for the latter to leave the sealing position and the cold plate to reach a fluid communication position. This position defines an open state, in which the duct is vis-à-vis the frame outlet, to enable fluid communication between the first liquid coolant circuit and the second liquid coolant circuit.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention may include a sealing apparatus. The sealing apparatus may include a first component having a body, where the body has an outer surface and a first arm protruding from the outer surface. The first arm includes an inner surface facing the outer surface of the body. The sealing apparatus may include a second component engaged by the first arm of the first component. The second component may have a first portion arranged inside a space between the inner surface of the first arm and the outer surface of the body and a second portion arranged outside of the space and adjacent to an outer surface of the first arm.

Abstract: A structure for cooling an integrated circuit. The structure may include; an interposer cold plate having at least two expanding channels, each expanding channel having a flow direction from a channel inlet to a channel outlet, the flow direction having different directions for at least two of the at least two expanding channels, the channel inlet having an inlet width and the channel outlet having an outlet width, wherein the inlet width is less than the outlet width.

Abstract: A structure for cooling an integrated circuit. The structure may include; an interposer cold plate having at least two expanding channels, each expanding channel having a flow direction from a channel inlet to a channel outlet, the flow direction having different directions for at least two of the at least two expanding channels, the channel inlet having an inlet width and the channel outlet having an outlet width, wherein the inlet width is less than the outlet width.

Abstract: A structure for cooling an integrated circuit. The structure may include; an interposer cold plate having at least two expanding channels, each expanding channel having a flow direction from a channel inlet to a channel outlet, the flow direction having different directions for at least two of the at least two expanding channels, the channel inlet having an inlet width and the channel outlet having an outlet width, wherein the inlet width is less than the outlet width.

Abstract: A structure for cooling an integrated circuit. The structure may include; an interposer cold plate having at least two expanding channels, each expanding channel having a flow direction from a channel inlet to a channel outlet, the flow direction having different directions for at least two of the at least two expanding channels, the channel inlet having an inlet width and the channel outlet having an outlet width, wherein the inlet width is less than the outlet width.

Abstract: A disconnect assembly includes a solid frame comprising a slit and a first liquid coolant circuit leading to a frame outlet defined in an inner wall of the slit. The assembly further includes an insert element, insertable in the slit so as to reach a sealing position. The latter defines a shut state, in which the insert element seals the frame outlet. The assembly includes a cold plate, comprising a second liquid coolant circuit with a duct open on a side of the cold plate. The cold plate can be inserted in the slit, so as to push the insert element, for the latter to leave the sealing position and the cold plate to reach a fluid communication position. This position defines an open state, in which the duct is vis-à-vis the frame outlet, to enable fluid communication between the first liquid coolant circuit and the second liquid coolant circuit.

Abstract: A heat removal element comprises a deformable frame, having a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The frame includes a set of separate cavities formed in the frame, the set including a first cavity and a second cavity; and on one side of the first cavity, a deformable wall adapted to provide mechanical compliance with a heat source for transferring heat away from the heat source. The second cavity comprises a material that fills, at least partly, the second cavity, this material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion that differs from the first coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A disconnect assembly includes a solid frame comprising a slit and a first liquid coolant circuit leading to a frame outlet defined in an inner wall of the slit. The assembly further includes an insert element, insertable in the slit so as to reach a sealing position. The latter defines a shut state, in which the insert element seals the frame outlet. The assembly includes a cold plate, comprising a second liquid coolant circuit with a duct open on a side of the cold plate. The cold plate can be inserted in the slit, so as to push the insert element, for the latter to leave the sealing position and the cold plate to reach a fluid communication position. This position defines an open state, in which the duct is vis-à-vis the frame outlet, to enable fluid communication between the first liquid coolant circuit and the second liquid coolant circuit.

Abstract: A disconnect assembly includes a solid frame comprising a slit and a first liquid coolant circuit leading to a frame outlet defined in an inner wall of the slit. The assembly further includes an insert element, insertable in the slit so as to reach a sealing position. The latter defines a shut state, in which the insert element seals the frame outlet. The assembly includes a cold plate, comprising a second liquid coolant circuit with a duct open on a side of the cold plate. The cold plate can be inserted in the slit, so as to push the insert element, for the latter to leave the sealing position and the cold plate to reach a fluid communication position. This position defines an open state, in which the duct is vis-à-vis the frame outlet, to enable fluid communication between the first liquid coolant circuit and the second liquid coolant circuit.

Abstract: A structure for cooling an integrated circuit. The structure may include; an interposer cold plate having at least two expanding channels, each expanding channel having a flow direction from a channel inlet to a channel outlet, the flow direction having different directions for at least two of the at least two expanding channels, the channel inlet having an inlet width and the channel outlet having an outlet width, wherein the inlet width is less than the outlet width.

Abstract: This invention relates to cooling devices for multi-chip semiconductor devices, system-on-a-package devices, and other packaged devices. Because of the non-uniform height across the surface in such large-chip and multi-chip assemblies, providing heat exchange can be troublesome. Many air cooled heat sinks are too stiff to adapt to such non-uniform or warped shapes of chips or to shape-changing chip surfaces during operation. In the present disclosure, application of a mechanical load perpendicular to the chip plane causes certain features to flex and adapt to the non-uniform height of the chip plane, providing improved heat exchange.

Abstract: A heat removal element comprises a deformable frame, having a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The frame includes a set of separate cavities formed in the frame, the set including a first cavity and a second cavity; and on one side of the first cavity, a deformable wall adapted to provide mechanical compliance with a heat source for transferring heat away from the heat source. The second cavity comprises a material that fills, at least partly, the second cavity, this material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion that differs from the first coefficient of thermal expansion.