Abstract: A test device for a fluidic pump device (10), which can be driven by a drive device and of which the pump rotational speed that leads to a defined fluid volumetric flow on the output side (12) of the pump device (10) is known, is characterized in that the fluid volumetric flow is conducted at least temporarily via a pressure influencing device (22) which, during operation of the pump device (10), brings about a pressure drop, by way of the decrease of which an evaluation device (32) makes a statement about a reduced functional capability of the pump device (10) possible.

Abstract: A proportional pressure regulating valve has a spring-loaded valve piston (10) guided in and actuated by an actuating magnet (14) within a valve housing (12). Opposite valve piston sides are exposed to tank pressure. The valve piston (10) has a regulation surface (44) connectable to working port (A) for a regulation pressure (PR). A ring-shaped chamber (42) in the valve housing (10) opens into the working port (A). At the transition between the ring-shaped chamber (42) and the working port (A), the regulation surface (44) is active. When the actuating magnet (14) is deenergized, a maximum regulation pressure (PR) is generated.

Abstract: A pressure retaining valve (1) has a main control piston (39) guided longitudinally displaceably in a single-piece or multiple-piece valve housing (29) and a non-return piston (43). In a pressure retaining position, a fluid-conducting connection between connection points (37a, 37b, 21) is shut off by the two pistons (39, 43). Connection point (37a) serves to feed media. Connection point (37b) discharges media. Connection point (21) leads to a hydraulic consumer. In a load-raising position, the two pistons (43) move relative to one another into a release position, in which the connection between the medium feed (37a) and the consumer is established. In a load-reducing position, the two pistons (39, 43) assume a spacing from one another such that the connection between the medium discharge (37b) and the consumer is established. A monitoring device (75) determines the individual switching positions of the pistons (39, 43) to ensure reliable functioning of the pressure retaining valve (1).

Abstract: A valve, in particular proportional pressure regulating valve, having a spring-loaded valve piston (10) which is guided in longitudinally displaceable fashion, in a manner actuated by an energizable actuating magnet (14), within a valve housing (12) and which, in a manner dependent on the displacement position thereof, produces or shuts off again a fluid-conducting connection between a pump port (P) and a working port (A) and between said working port (A) and a tank port (T) in the valve housing, wherein those face sides of the valve piston (10) which are situated opposite one another are permanently acted on by the pressure of the tank port (T), and wherein the valve piston (10) has a regulation surface (44) which is active in terms of pressure and which is connectable in fluid-conducting fashion to the working port (A) for the generation of the regulation pressure (PR), and having a ring-shaped chamber (42) in the valve housing (10), into which ring-shaped chamber the working port (A) opens in a radial or a

Abstract: A valve, in particular a pilot-operated proportional pressure control valve, has a valve housing (5) with a pressure supply port (7), a working port (9), and a drain port (11). In the valve housing (5), a main valve piston (15) can be moved by a pilot stage (13) for control of the fluid flow between the pressure supply port (7) and the working port (9). The pilot stage (13) has a valve closing element (43) for a pilot chamber (41). The valve closing element (43) is movable from an open position (OS) into a closed position (SS) by an actuating apparatus (45). The valve closing element (43) can actuate a leakage reduction stage (53).

Abstract: A control device selectively fluidically connects and disconnects fluid connection points (A, P, T) by a valve (5), which controls fluid-conducting connection channels (55, 57, 59) extending between the connection points (A, P, T). The connection channels are arranged in a control block (3), into which the valve (5) is at least partially inserted. Proceeding from the respective fluid connection points (A, P, T), the connection channels (55, 59, 57) connected to the fluid connection points extend in parallel to each other until the connection channels lead into a respective control chamber (49; 53, 51). The valve (5) is retained in a receptacle (39) separating two adjacently arranged control chambers (49, 51) from each other.

Abstract: A system for treating objects transported by at least one transport carriage and immersed into at least one treatment container, in which a treatment medium can be applied. The transport carriage comprises at least one swivel arm connected to the chassis in an articulated manner, on which swivel arm the object can be fastened. A hydraulically operating piston-cylinder unit having a first working chamber to drive the swivel arm and provide weight balancing. The first working chamber is made smaller during the downward motion of the swivel arm and is connected to a first pressure accumulator. The second working chamber of the piston-cylinder unit, made larger during the downward motion of the swivel arm, is connected to a source for pressurized hydraulic fluid and can be drained during the downward motion of the swivel arm. The pressure of the fluid in the accumulator swivels the swivel arm and object upward if the pressure in the second working chamber is sufficiently low.

Abstract: A load-holding valve (1) having at least one main control piston (39) which is guided longitudinally displaceably in a single-piece or multiple-piece valve housing (29) and a non-return piston (43), wherein, in switching positions, in the form of a load-holding position a fluid-conducting connection between at least two connection points (37, 21) is shut off by means of the two pistons (39, 43), of which connection points (37, 21) one (37) serves to feed or discharge media and the other (21) leads to a hydraulic consumer, in the form of a load-raising position the two pistons (43) move relative to one another into a release position, in which the connection between the medium feed (37) and the consumer is established, and in the form of a load-reducing position the two pistons (39, 43) assume a predefinable spacing from one another in such a way that the connection between the medium discharge (37) and the consumer is established, is characterized in that there is a monitoring device (75) which determines the

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device for selectively fluidically connecting and disconnecting fluid connection points (A, P, T) by means of a valve apparatus (1, 5), which controls fluid-conducting connection channels (55, 57, 59) extending between the connection points (A, P, T), which connection channels are arranged in a control block (3), into which the valve apparatus (1, 5) is at least partially inserted. The control device is characterized in that, proceeding from the respective fluid connection points (A, P, T), the connection channels (55, 59, 57) respectively connected to the fluid connection points extend in parallel to each other until the connection channels lead into a respective associated control chamber (49; 53, 51) of the valve apparatus (1, 5) and that the valve apparatus (1, 5) is retained in a receptacle (39), which separates at least two adjacently arranged control chambers (49, 51) from each other.

Abstract: A system for treating objects having at least one dipping tank, the objects being introducible into and removable out of said dipping tank by a transport carriage which moves on two parallel rails in an operating position and has a shaft that extends from one rail to the other rail in a transverse manner with respect to the two rails in the operating position. At least one pivoting arm is connected to the shaft, said pivoting arm having a supporting frame for the object. The shaft is pivotally hinged to the body of the transport carriage in an end region that adjoins one of the two rails such that said shaft can rotate together with the pivoting arm and the supporting frame into a space-saving position, in which said shaft runs approximately parallel with respect to one of the two rails. In this manner, the transport carriage can be converted into a single-track vehicle when returning from the unloading position of the objects into the loading position.

Abstract: A system for treating objects having at least one dipping tank, the objects being introducible into and removable out of said dipping tank by transport carriage which moves on two parallel rails in an operating position and has a shaft that extends from one rail to the other rail in a transverse manner with respect to the two rails in the operating position. At least one pivoting arm is connected to the shaft, said pivoting arm having a supporting frame for the object. The shaft is pivotally hinged to the body of the transport carriage in an end region that adjoins one of the two rails such that said shaft can rotate together with the pivoting arm and the supporting frame into a space-saving position, in which said shaft runs approximately parallel with respect to one of the two rails. In this manner, the transport carriage can be converted into a single-track vehicle when returning from the unloading position of the objects into the loading position.

Abstract: A proportional pressure control valve includes a valve box (10) having a pump (P), user (A) and reservoir (T) connections. Control piston (18) is guided in a longitudinally displaceably inside the valve box (10) for optionally connecting the pump connection (P) to the user connection (A) and the user connection (A) to the reservoir connection (T). A fluid-carrying connection is established between the pump connection (P) and a pilot chamber (20) of a pilot valve (22). The pilot valve (22) is controlled by a magnet system, especially a proportional magnet system (28). The proportional pressure control valve, for the fluid-carrying connection to the pilot chamber (20), has a bore (27) extending axially inside the wall of the valve box (10) and from a radial bore (9) of the housing (10) forming the pump connection (P).

Abstract: A keyboard includes a plurality of keys, and a keyframe into which the plurality of keys are assembled. Each of the keys includes: i) a plunger on which a character is printed, and ii) a keycap made of a transparent material. The keycap covers at least a portion of a top of the plunger.

Abstract: A valve, in particular a pilot-operated proportional pressure control valve, with a valve housing (5) which has a pressure supply port (7), a working port (9), and a drain port (11), in the valve housing (5) there being a main valve piston (15) which can be moved by a pilot stage (13) for control of the fluid flow between the pressure supply port (7) and the working port (9), with the pilot stage (13) having a valve closing element (43) for a pilot chamber (41), with the valve closing element (43) being movable from an open position (OS) into a closed position (SS) by an actuating apparatus (45), is characterized in that the valve closing element (43) can actuate a leakage reduction stage (53).

Abstract: A keyboard includes a plurality of keys, and a keyframe into which the plurality of keys are assembled. Each of the keys includes: i) a plunger on which a character is printed, and ii) a keycap made of a transparent material. The keycap covers at least a portion of a top of the plunger.

Abstract: A system for treating objects transported by at least one transport carriage and immersed into at least one treatment container, in which a treatment medium can be applied. The transport carriage comprises at least one swivel arm connected to the chassis in an articulated manner, on which swivel arm the object can be fastened. A hydraulically operating piston-cylinder unit having a first working chamber is provided to drive the swivel arm and provide weight balancing. The first working chamber is made smaller during the downward motion of the swivel arm and is connected to a first pressure accumulator. The second working chamber of the piston-cylinder unit, made larger during the downward motion of the swivel arm, is connected to a source for pressurized hydraulic fluid and can be drained during the downward motion of the swivel arm. The pressure of the fluid in the accumulator is swivels the swivel arm and object upward if the pressure in the second working chamber is sufficiently low.

Abstract: The invention relates to a proportional pressure control valve comprising a valve box (10) which has at least three fluid-carrying connections, especially in the form of a pump (P), a user (A) and a reservoir (T) connection, a control piston (18) being guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner inside the valve box (10) for optionally connecting the pump connection (P) to the user connection (A) and the user connection (A) to the reservoir connection (T). A fluid-carrying connection is established between the pump connection (P) and a pilot chamber (20) of a pilot valve (22), the pilot valve (22) being controlled by a magnet system, especially a proportional magnet system (28). The proportional pressure control valve according to the invention is characterized in that the fluid-carrying connection to the pilot chamber (20) has a bore (27) that runs axially inside the wall of the valve box (10) and extends from a radial bore (9) of the housing (10) forming the pump connection (P).

Abstract: A keyboard includes a plurality of keys, and a keyframe into which the plurality of keys are assembled. Each of the keys includes: i) a plunger on which a character is printed, and ii) a keycap made of a transparent material. The keycap covers at least a portion of a top of the plunger.

Abstract: The invention is based on a method for examining structures on a semiconductor substrate. The structures are imaged with X-radiation in an X-ray microscope. The wavelength of the X-radiation is established as a function of the thickness of the semiconductor substrate in such a way that both a suitable transmission of the X-radiation through the semiconductor substrate and a high-contrast image are obtained. As a result, the structures can be observed continuously with short exposure times, high resolution and even while they are in operation.

Abstract: The invention is based on a method for examining structures on a semiconductor substrate. The structures are imaged with X-radiation in an X-ray microscope. The wavelength of the X-radiation is established as a function of the thickness of the semiconductor substrate in such a way that both a suitable transmission of the X-radiation through the semiconductor substrate and a high-contrast image are obtained. As a result, the structures can be observed continuously with short exposure times, high resolution and even while they are in operation.