Abstract: Process for continuous production of propylene oxide (FIG. 1) from propylene and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with propionic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form perpropionic acid (1). The perpropionic acid is taken up by extraction in benzene (5 , 12), and following drying of the benzene solution (16), the perpropionic acid in the solution is reacted with propylene (18) for oxidation of the propylene to propylene oxide and conversion of the perpropionic acid back to propionic acid. The reaction mixture is worked up to separate propylene oxide, propionic acid and benzene (25, 27, 31, 33), and the latter two are recycled. In the benzene extraction (5, 12), an aqueous raffinate (7) is formed containing hydrogen peroxide and acid catalyst. Water is removed from the aqueous raffinate (8) and the concentrate is recycled to the propionic acid reactor. Make-up hydrogen peroxide can be added to the aqueous raffinate before the removal of water.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous process for the production of water free or substantially water free peralkanoic acids with 2 to 4 carbon atoms by reaction of aqueous hydrogen peroxide with an alkanoic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of acidic catalyst at a mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to alkanoic acid of 0.5 to 30:1, preferably from 0.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of substantially anhydrous solutions of percarboxylic acid in solvent. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form percarboxylic acid and water (1). The percarboxylic acid is extracted with solvent (5), to provide a solvent phase containing the percarboxylic acid (11) and an aqueous raffinate (7). The solvent phase is subjected to distillation (12) to provide the anhydrous solution (13). In this distillation (12) the hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solvent phase produced in the extraction (5), is distilled off together with water and some solvent, and the hydrogen peroxide is recovered as an aqueous phase and recycled (14). The aqueous raffinate, which contains hydrogen peroxide, is distilled to remove water (8) and the resulting concentrate is recycled (2) for use in the reaction (1).

Abstract: Skatylhydantoin is prepared by hydrogenation of indolalhydantoin in the presence of a solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst wherein the solvent is a compound of the formula ##STR1## or a mixture of (I) and (II) and in which either R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are hydrogen or R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each are straight or branched chain alkyl groups with 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together are a straight or branched chain alkylene group with 2 to 8 carbon atoms; or one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 are joined to form a straight or branched chain alkylene group with 2 to 8 carbon atoms; and R.sub.4 to R.sub.7 each are straight or branched chain alkyl groups with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkaryl group or an aralkyl group, or two of the substituents R.sub.4 to R.sub.

Abstract: Isothiocyanates of the formula (I)r -- n.dbd.c.dbd.s (i)in which R is a straight or branched alkyl group with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, and wherein the alkyl group can be substituted once or more by --OH, --OR.sup.1 or --SR.sup.1 and where R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or R is cycloalkyl with 3 to 8 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl in which the aromatic nucleus can be substituted once or more by a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a hydroxyl group, or --R.sup.1, --OR.sup.1 or --SR.sup.1 or R is a pyridyl or thiazolyl group prepared by reacting (1) a dithiocarbamate of the general formula (II) ##STR1## where R is as defined above and Me is an alkali atom, one valence of an alkaline earth metal atom or the ammonium group whose hydrogen atoms can be substituted by R with (2) a cyanogen halide, preferably cyanogen chloride, in the presence of water.

Abstract: Process for the continuous preparation of organic solutions of percarboxylic acids by reaction of aqueous hydrogen peroxide with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid, water-soluble catalyst, extraction of the resulting reaction mixture with an organic solvent and recycle of the raffinate, containing hydrogen peroxide, after reconcentration by the removal of water by distillation into the reaction. The raffinate is fed, together with the whole of that amount of hydrogen peroxide which essentially to the consumption of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction or with a part thereof, into the distillation for the removal of water. The amount of water which essentially corresponds to the sum of the water of reaction formed during the reaction and the water introduced into the process with the feed products is distilled off under reduced pressure. The sump product, thus obtainable, from the distillation is recycled into the reaction.

Abstract: Lithium phosphate catalysts for the rearrangement of alkene oxides to the corresponding alkenols are prepared as overcoats on inert carriers. The catalysts are prepared for example by overcoating the inert carrier with the lithium phosphate in the presence of moisture.

Abstract: Penicillamine or a homolog thereof is obtained by reacting a 2-disubstituted-5,5-alkyl-thiazolidine nitrile, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with a mineral acid in a two-stage proceeding wherein in the first stage relatively low temperatures and a relatively high concentration of the mineral acid are employed while in the second stage the concentration of the acid is relatively low and the temperatures are relatively high, the term "relatively" referring to the relationship of said two stages of the reaction with mineral acid.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of substantially anhydrous solutions of perpropionic acid in benzene. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with propionic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form perpropionic acid and water (1). The perpropionic acid is extracted with benzene (5), to provide a benzene phase containing the perpropionic acid (11) and an aqueous raffinate (7). The benzene phase is subjected to an extraction with water (12) involving at least 3 stages, to remove hydrogen peroxide, and the resulting benzene extract (15) is subjected to azeotropic distillation (26) to provide the anhydrous solution (17). The aqueous raffinate, which contains hydrogen peroxide, is distilled to remove water (8) and the resulting concentrate is recycled (2) for use in the reaction (1).

Abstract: There is provided a process, preferably continuous and in a given case successive, substitution of one or two chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride by one or two amines, which may be the same or different, in the presence of an acid acceptor and in the presence of an organic solvent, particularly for the production of 2-alkylamino-4,6-dichloro and preferably for the production of 2,4-di(alkylamino)-6-chloro-s-triazines wherein there is added 1.00 to 1.05 mole, preferably 1.00 to 1.03 mole of a first amine to a 4.5 to 50 weight % suspension or solution of cyanuric chloride in a mixture of 65 to 85 weight % of xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene and/or an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with 5 to 10 carbon atoms (toluene being preferred) and 35 to 15 weight % of a ketone with 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably acetone, while maintaining the temperature between about 0 and about 20.degree. C, preferably about 10 to 18.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the substitution of one or for the successive substitution of two chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride by one or two amines whch may be the same or different in the presence of an acid binding agent and in the presence of an organic solvent, particularly for the production of 2-alkylamino-4,6-dichloro-, s-triazines and more preferably for the production of 2,4-di-(alkylamino)-6-chloro-s-triazines wherein there is used a 4 to 60 weight % solution or suspension of cyanuric chloride in a mixture of 65 to 85 weight % of one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons hving 5 to 10 carbon atoms and/or one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and 35 to 15 weight % of one or more ketones having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Alkylsulfonic acids are prepared by oxidation of an alkyl mercaptan or dialkyl disulfide with hydrogen peroxide in an inert medium in the presence of ammonium or alkali molybdate or ammonium or alkali tungstate.

Abstract: Pure racemic acid (dl-tartaric acid) and meso tartaric acid are produced by reaction of an alkali maleate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst which is an alkali molybdate or a mixture of an alkali molybdate and alkali tungstate in a process wherein the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to maleic acid is greater than 1:1 and the alkali salt of cis-epoxysuccinic acid formed together with the catalyst in a given case after destroying the excess hydrogen peroxide and other peroxygen compounds, are converted to free cis-epoxysuccinic acid and free molybdic acid or mixture of free molybdic acid and free tungstic acid by leading them over a strongly acidic cation exchanger, whereupon the hydrolysis of the free cis-epoxysuccinic acid to racemic acid and meso-tartaric acid can take place either in the presence of or the absence of the free molybdic acid or mixture of free molybdic acid and free tungstic acid, whereby the catalyst in the case of catalyst free hydrolysis before, and in the case o

Abstract: Cyanogen chloride or cyanogen bromide is prepared by reaction of hydrogen cyanide with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid (or hydrogen bromide or hydrobromic acid) and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium in the presence of cupric and ferric ions under superatmospheric pressure, preferably between 1.5 and 16 bar, and the cyanogen chloride (or cyanogen bromide) recovered separated from oxygen and nitrogen. In a preferred form of the invention, the hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid is either partially or entirely formed directly in the recycling catalyst solution of cupric and ferric ions by reaction of chlorine and hydrogen cyanide, either with or without pressure.

Abstract: Very pure carboxylic acid-1-monoglycerides are prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with glycidol at a temperature of 80.degree. to 200.degree. C. in the presence of a basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound as a catalyst in the presence of an inert solvent which forms a homogeneous solution with the reactants at the reaction temperature.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of a solution or suspension of cyanuric chloride in a water containing organic solvent wherein the liquid cyanuric chloride and the organic-aqueous solvent are mixed together while being agitated, the liquid cyanuric chloride at a temperature between its melting point and 200.degree. C. is led into the flowing organic-aqueous solvent with a velocity of Vcy (in kg per hour) wherein ##EQU1## where P is the desired concentration of cyanuric chloride in the solution or suspension to be produced in weight %, P.sub.LM is the concentration of cyanuric chloride in the solvent used which also includes O,V.sub.lm is the velocity of the solvent added in kg/h,And P.sub.LM, V.sub.LM and T.sub.LM, the temperature of the added solvent, are so selected that the expression ##EQU2## does not exceed the boiling temperature in .degree. C. of the solvent used and wherein C.sub.p (LM) and C.sub.p (Cy) signify the specific heat capacities in cal. x g.sup.-.sup.1 .times. (.degree.

Abstract: Glycide is prepared by reacting allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungsten compound as a catalysts the excess allyl alcohol and the greatest part of the water distilled off, the sump mixture obtained in the distillation is split at 110.degree.-220.degree. C. and 5 to 60 torr in a thin layer evaporator into a volatile portion which is predominantly glycide, high boiling by products and the residual part of the water and a sump portion of glycerine, polyglycerine and catalysts. The volatile liquid portion is broken into glycide, water and high boiling byproducts at 5 to 60 torr in a distillation apparatus directly connected to the thin layer evaporator.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-n-caproic acid and 6-substituted 2-chloro-n-caproic acids are produced from n-caproic acid or 6-substituted n-caproic acids are chlorinated in the presence of sulfur halides and phosphorus halides at elevated temperatures using for each mole of caproic acid there is used up to about 1.2 mole of chlorine and as catalyst at least one compound of the group of sulfur chlorides, sulfur bromides, phosphorus chloride and phosphorus bromide at a temperature of about 110.degree. to 130 .degree. C.

Abstract: Catalysts useful in the reaction of acrolein with ammonia to form pyridine and 3-methylpyridine are prepared by heating compounds of Al, F, and O and at least two elements of the second, fourth, fifth and sixth groups of the periodic system with oxygen at 550.degree. to 1200.degree.C.

Abstract: Cyanogen chloride and hydrogen chloride are produced by reacting hydrogen cyanide and chlorine, separating from the gaseous mixture on the one hand hydrogen chloride and on the other hand cyanogen chloride which in a given case can also contain chlorine, by absorption in a halohydrocarbon which has a boiling point between that of cyanogen chloride and cyanuric chloride and after distillative separation of the dissolved cyanogen chloride-chlorine mixture returning the solvent to the absorption column, the process includesA. adding as the solvent for the absorption a trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon or a mixture of such trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons or halohydrocarbons,B.