Abstract: A torque sensor can measure torque introduced into an upper shaft that is rotatable around a longitudinal axis and is connectable to a lower shaft via a torsion rod. A first component is connectable to the upper shaft, and a second component is connectable to the lower shaft. The components have surfaces that protrude in a longitudinal direction and at least partially overlap. A sensor coil that can generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is arranged on one of the surfaces of one component, and a metallic element is arranged on one of the surfaces of the other component. A torque introduced into the upper shaft causes a change in distance between the sensor coil and the metallic element. A device can measure a frequency change of the alternating magnetic field caused by the change in distance and determine the torque introduced into the upper shaft.

Abstract: A printed circuit board may include a top side, a bottom side, and a circumferential surface that connects the top side to the bottom side. The circumferential surface may have a toothing for forming a gear wheel. The toothing may be circumferentially closed and may be arranged over an entire surface area of the circumferential surface. The toothing may be configured as an involute toothing, an epicycloid toothing, a hypocycloid toothing, or a lantern gear toothing. The printed circuit board may be formed of fiber-reinforced plastic. Further, the printed circuit board may include a track, a surface structure, and/or a conductor track configured for inductive sampling, capacitive sampling, optical sampling, and/or acoustic sampling.

Abstract: A motor vehicle steering system may include an electric motor disposed in a motor housing. The electric motor may have at least three phases, and for each phase a high side MOSFET and a low side MOSFET may be assigned. The MOSFETs may be part of an inverter that supplies voltages into the electric motor. A first non-insulated contact point of the electric motor and a second non-insulated contact point of the motor housing may be configured such that water that ingresses into the motor housing electrically connects the electric motor with the motor housing via the non-insulated contact points. A pull-up resistor may be disposed in parallel with one of the high side MOSFETs of one of the at least three phases. A measurement unit may detect a phase voltage of the one of the at least three phases as being indicative of water present in the motor housing.

Abstract: A torque sensor can measure torque introduced into an upper shaft that is rotatable around a longitudinal axis and is connectable to a lower shaft via a torsion rod. A first component is connectable to the upper shaft, and a second component is connectable to the lower shaft. The components have surfaces that protrude in a longitudinal direction and at least partially overlap. A sensor coil that can generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is arranged on one of the surfaces of one component, and a metallic element is arranged on one of the surfaces of the other component. A torque introduced into the upper shaft causes a change in distance between the sensor coil and the metallic element. A device can measure a frequency change of the alternating magnetic field caused by the change in distance and determine the torque introduced into the upper shaft.

Abstract: A rotary angle sensor for an electric power assisted steering system of a motor vehicle, wherein the rotary angle sensor comprises an optical sensor unit with a light source, optical components and a photodetector and a disc with an optical pattern, wherein the optical sensor unit and the disc are configured to rotate relative to each other around a rotary axis, and wherein the optical sensor unit is configured such that light reflected from the optical pattern is measured by the photodetector, wherein the optical pattern comprises steps and spaces separating the steps, such that light reflected by steps and spaces destructively interferes leading to an intensity modulation of the reflected light according to an optical pattern which encodes a binary type code for the rotary angle of the disc.

Abstract: A printed circuit board may include a top side, a bottom side, and a circumferential surface that connects the top side to the bottom side. The circumferential surface may have a toothing for forming a gear wheel. The toothing may be circumferentially closed and may be arranged over an entire surface area of the circumferential surface. The toothing may be configured as an involute toothing, an epicycloid toothing, a hypocycloid toothing, or a lantern gear toothing. The printed circuit board may be formed of fiber-reinforced plastic. Further, the printed circuit board may include a track, a surface structure, and/or a conductor track configured for inductive sampling, capacitive sampling, optical sampling, and/or acoustic sampling.

Abstract: A torque sensor unit measures torque introduced into an upper steering shaft of a motor vehicle. The upper steering shaft can be connected to a lower steering shaft via a torsion bar. The torque sensor unit may have two inductive sensors, where a first inductive sensor can be connected to the upper steering shaft to measure the rotary position of the upper steering shaft and a second inductive sensor can be connected to the lower steering shaft to measure the rotary position of the lower steering shaft. An evaluation unit may be designed to process the signals of the two inductive sensors and to calculate the torque therefrom by means of the angle difference between the rotary positions of the two steering shafts.

Abstract: A sensor unit for measuring a rotational state of a shaft may include a transmission. The transmission may be connected to or configured to connect to the shaft. The transmission may have at least two transmission elements that are in engagement with one another via a toothing. At least one of the at least two transmission elements is a gearwheel whose rotation about a rotational axis is detected by a sensor. The at least one gearwheel and the toothing arrangement of the at least one gearwheel may be formed by a printed circuit board. A track may be arranged on an end side of the gearwheel that faces the sensor, and the sensor may scan the track to measure a rotational state of the gearwheel about the rotational axis.

Abstract: A rotary angle sensor for an electric power assisted steering system of a motor vehicle, wherein the rotary angle sensor comprises an optical sensor unit with a light source, optical components and a photodetector and a disc with an optical pattern, wherein the optical sensor unit and the disc are configured to rotate relative to each other around a rotary axis, and wherein the optical sensor unit is configured such that light reflected from the optical pattern is measured by the photodetector, wherein the optical pattern comprises steps and spaces separating the steps, such that light reflected by steps and spaces destructively interferes leading to an intensity modulation of the reflected light according to an optical pattern which encodes a binary type code for the rotary angle of the disc.

Abstract: A motor vehicle steering system may include an electric motor disposed in a motor housing. The electric motor may have at least three phases, and for each phase a high side MOSFET and a low side MOSFET may be assigned. The MOSFETs may be part of an inverter that supplies voltages into the electric motor. A first non-insulated contact point of the electric motor and a second non-insulated contact point of the motor housing may be configured such that water that ingresses into the motor housing electrically connects the electric motor with the motor housing via the non-insulated contact points. A pull-up resistor may be disposed in parallel with one of the high side MOSFETs of one of the at least three phases. A measurement unit may detect a phase voltage of the one of the at least three phases as being indicative of water present in the motor housing.