Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing color pastes, in which a component comprising colorant particles is dispersed in a binder. In the method of the invention the dispersing operation is controlled by beaming excitational light of a defined wavelength range into a mixture of the component comprising colorant particles and the binder, detecting the light transmitted, reflected and/or scattered by the mixture and determining a sample spectrum, evaluating the sample spectrum and hence determining parameters of the color paste, and monitoring changes in the sample spectrum over time and terminating the dispersing operation when predetermined target parameters are attained.

Abstract: A membrane module for hydrogen separation includes a stack of flat membrane packs disposed adjacent one another so as not to exert a force on one another and a rotationally symmetrical pressure shell enclosing the stack of flat membrane packs. A feed space for a reformate gas is disposed between every two membrane packs in the stack. Each membrane pack has a pair of membrane assemblies and a support structure disposed therebetween and each membrane assembly includes a hydrogen-selective flat membrane supported by at least one membrane frame.

Abstract: A brake includes a rotating element and a magnet wheel mounted on the rotating element so as to rotate with the rotating element about an axis of rotation. The magnet wheel has a first side extending transversely of the axis of rotation and facing the rotating element and a second side extending transversely of the axis of rotation and facing away from the rotating element. A first axial stop interacts with a first stop section located on the first side of the magnet wheel and a second axial stop interacts with a second stop section located on the second side of the magnet wheel for limiting an axial movement of the magnet wheel relative to the rotating element to a first predetermined amount. Along each line extending parallel to the axis of rotation and extending through the first or the second axial stop, the distance between the first stop section and the second stop section is smaller than the distance between the first axial stop and the second axial stop.

Abstract: A brake includes a rotating element and a magnet wheel mounted on the rotating element so as to rotate with the rotating element about an axis of rotation. The magnet wheel has a first side extending transversely of the axis of rotation and facing the rotating element and a second side extending transversely of the axis of rotation and facing away from the rotating element. A first axial stop interacts with a first stop section located on the first side of the magnet wheel and a second axial stop interacts with a second stop section located on the second side of the magnet wheel for limiting an axial movement of the magnet wheel relative to the rotating element to a first predetermined amount. Along each line extending parallel to the axis of rotation and extending through the first or the second axial stop, the distance between the first stop section and the second stop section is smaller than the distance between the first axial stop and the second axial stop.

Abstract: Pigment preparations in granule form comprising as essential constituents from 50 to 99.5% by weight of at least one inorganic pigment and from 0.5 to 50% by weight of at least one organic pigment are prepared and used for coloring polymeric materials.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a cell casing defining a negative electrode compartment for containing an alkali metal negative electrode; and a plurality of flat plate solid electrolyte electrode holders in the casing and extending parallel to opposed walls of the casing. Each electrode holder comprises a pair of spaced plates and provides a positive electrode compartment containing a liquid electrolyte, and a positive electrode. The positive electrodes are electrically connected in parallel and define, together with envelopes, a positive plate stack. When the cell is fully charged, the major portion of the liquid alkali metal is contained in the negative electrode compartment outside the positive plate stack. Wicking means for the liquid alkali metal are provided adjacent at least the plates of the holders. The level of the liquid alkali metal remains substantially constant in the wicking means.

Abstract: An aqueous cadmium oxide paste of high flowability for the vibration filling of foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques is characterized by a cadmium oxide content of about 25 to 35% by volume, a pH of about 10 to 12.5, a content of about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, based on cadmium oxide, of one or more dispersants from the group comprising the water-soluble salts of polyphosphoric acids, di- and polyphosphonic acids and their derivatives, gluconic acid or of antimonyl tartrate. The paste has a plastic viscosity of about 0.1 to 1 Pa.s and also a yield value of between about 10 and 120 Pa. This cadmium oxide paste makes it possible to fill foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques completely in one operation.

Abstract: An aqueous cadmium oxide paste of high flowability for the vibration filling of foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques is characterized by a cadmium oxide content of about 25 to 35% by volume, a pH of about 10 to 12.5, a content of about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, based on cadmium oxide, of one or more dispersants from the group comprising the water-soluble salts of polyphosphoric acids, di- and polyphosphonic acids and their derivatives, gluconic acid or of antimonyl tartrate. The paste has a plastic viscosity of about 0.1 to 1 Pa.s and also a yield value of between about 10 and 120 Pa. This cadmium oxide paste makes it possible to fill foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques completely in one operation.

Abstract: An alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery in which the active material with which the negative electrode is filled with, or the electrolyte in the storage battery, contains polyvinylpyrrolidone as an expander. Polyvinylpyrrolidone compounds having a mean molecular weight of 5,000 to 35,000 g/mol have proved particularly advantageous.

Abstract: A nickel-cadmium storage battery with improved electrical properties is described in which one or more copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone is/are added as expander to the active material with which the negative electrode is filled or to the electrolyte. The polymers have a mean molecular weight of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, with a vinyl pyrrolidone content of between 5 and 95 mol-%. The copolymers are added to the active material or to the electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the active material. As a result of adding the copolymers, a malfunction-free operation of the storage battery is achieved, accompanied by a simultaneously equally as good degree of utilization of the cadmium active material compared with a storage battery which contains homopolymeric polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Abstract: Disazo compounds based on 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl compounds contain not less than 50% by weight of a disazo compound of the general formulaA--N.dbd.N--Z--N.dbd.N--B (I)where Z is a radical of an unsubstituted or symmetrically substituted diphenylene, A is a radical of a coupling component of a 1-phenylpyrazolone or of an acetoacetarylide, where the phenyl and the aryl radical is subtsituted by sulfo or carboxyl groups, and B is a radical of a coupling component based on 1-phenylpyrazolone or acetoacetarylide, which are free of sulfo and/or carboxyl groups.The disazo compounds can be obtained by coupling the tetrazotized diamine H.sub.2 N--Z--NH.sub.2 to the coupling component AH containing an acidic group in a medium containing a mineral acid, and then coupling the product to BH in a buffered medium (pH about 4).The novel disazo compounds are suitable as additives to pigments, in particular azo and disazo pigments, for improving the transparency and heat stability of the pigment particles, and the flow behavior.