Abstract: In a process for an electrochemical treatment of cellulose waste lye, mass transport takes place through a diaphragm or membrane between a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, and optionally through a middle chamber. Cationogenic components are removed from cellulose waste lye containing lignin sulfonates and being located in at least one of the chambers. Lignin sulfonic acids are produced from the waste lye. In an installation for an electrochemical treatment of cellulose waste lye, at least one diaphragm divides at least one reaction vessel into at least one cathode chamber and at least one anode chamber. At least one cathode electrode is disposed in the at least one cathode chamber, and at least one anode electrode is disposed in the at least one anode chamber. The at least one cathode electrode is formed of iron or aluminum and the at least one anode electrode is formed of special steel, in particular V4A steel.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for converting a single-row stream of containers, which is supplied via a feed mechanism, into a multi-row stream of containers that is to be withdrawn. A conversion region is used that is formed from an intermediate transport mechanism that is disposed between the feed mechanism and a withdrawal mechanism, and comprises a number of conveyor belts that have a common direction of transport. In the conversion region, the transport speed of the containers is reduced in stages while the width of the stream of containers increases. To effect conversion of the single-row stream of containers that is supplied from itself into the multi-row stream of containers without the influence of external jamming forces upon the containers, the containers are moved through the conversion region in the direction of transport of the conveyer belts, and the transport speed of the containers is reduced by stages in this direction of transport.

Abstract: An arrangement for converting a multi-track stream of containers into a plurality of parallel container rows that are separated from one another by separating elements. A feed mechanism conveys the containers, and a withdrawal mechanism is divided by the separating elements into a plurality of lanes, one for each of the container rows. A transition zone is disposed between the feed mechanism and the withdrawal mechanism, and is formed by the upper lengths of a plurality of conveyer bands that are disposed in the conveying direction, and transverse to this direction are disposed adjacent one another. The containers of the multi-track stream are distributed to the individual lanes in this transition zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for conveying bottles that each have an annular bead on the neck of the bottle. A conveyor line, which extends over the respectively desired conveying path, is provided with a bottle carrier that extends along the conveying path, extends below the bead on the neck of the bottle, and guides the bottles in a suspended state, via the beads, with play, through a guide slot that extends along the conveying path. The conveyer line is also provided with mechanisms for providing the bottles with a feed movement for conveying the latter. To provide a considerably more uniform conveying speed, avoid bottles striking one another, reduce the consumption of energy, and reduce manufacturing expenses, the mechanisms provide the feed movement parallel to the guide slot for the bottle necks, with the guide slot being formed on the bottle carrier. The mechanisms are provided with at least one mechanically movable driving element that mechanically engages the bottles that are to be conveyed.

Abstract: An arrangement for converting a multi-track stream of bottles to a single-track stream of bottles. An intermediate conveyer is disposed between a feeding mechanism, which is provided with guide rails, and a withdrawal mechanism, which is provided with guide rails. The upper sides of the conveyer belts of the intermediate conveyer form a conversion region in which the conveyer belts are disposed flushly adjacent one another in the shape of an inclined plane which is inclined transverse to the direction in which bottles are conveyed from the upper side of the feeding mechanism to the upper side of the withdrawal mechanism. The conversion region is formed by the upper sides of the conveyer belts of the intermediate conveyer and of the withdrawal mechanism. The track width of the conversion region corresponds to the track width of the heating mechanism, with the conversion region being disposed downstream of the feeding mechanism and essentially coinciding in level and track with the latter.

Abstract: An arrangement for converting a multi-track stream of bottles into a single-track stream of bottles. A conversion region is disposed between a feed mechanism that is provided with guide rails, and a withdrawing mechanism that is likewise provided with guide rails. The conversion region comprises a transfer plate and a conveying region of the withdrawing mechanism, with the conveyer belts of the latter being disposed at an angle to the transfer edge of the transfer plate. This transfer plate forms an essentially level transition between the conveyor belts of the feed mechanism and the conveyor belts of the conveying region of the withdrawing mechanism. Guide rails are also associated with the conversion region. These latter guide rails interconnect the guide rails of the feed mechanism and of the withdrawing mechanism. The track width of the transfer plate corresponds to the track width of the feed mechanism, and is disposed downstream of the latter when viewed in the direction of conveying.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handling bottles, especially for handling bottles which are discharged from a treatment machine in which the bottles are discharged in groups from the treatment machine, each group consisting of a row of adjacent bottles discharged from the machine in a direction perpendicular to the length of the row. A conveyor extending at an angle of about 95 degrees to the direction of movement of each row is disclosed adjacent the treatment machine. The rows of bottles are successively discharged from the treatment machine to the conveyor and are deposited on the conveyor in rows which are parallel and spaced and which extend from side to side of the conveyor at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the conveyor. The conveyor is advantageously formed of a plurality of parallel belts having a common drive.

Abstract: A cleaning machine for containers, especially bottles, which includes an endless transporting system for transporting containers to be cleaned through the machine, and which also includes a water pre-softening arrangement comprising at least two softening baths arranged one behind the other when viewed in the container transporting direction of the transporting system with the respective front bath having a lower temperature than the respective succeeding bath. The transporting system is over a considerable portion of its transporting path passed through the softening baths in submerged condition so as to also submerge therein the containers being transported by the transporting system.

Abstract: A spraying device for a bottle cleaning machine in which bottles are conveyed in inverted position. The spraying device reciprocates in the machine beneath the bottles and includes upwardly directed nozzles that follow respective bottles in succession for a predetermined distance. A cam drive is provided for the device with a guide return. The frame for the spraying device is supported and guided in the machine on antifriction elements. The antifriction elements may include balls rollingly supported by channels in the machine and rollingly engaged by the frame of the spraying device.