Abstract: A dryer has suction loading on both sides to save space and to allow washed materials to be loaded into the dryer from plural spaces at different levels without the need for any additional conveying equipment. The dryer comprises first and second flexible tubes and a suction fan for drawing the washed materials from loading stations, through the first and second flexible tubes, and into the drum of the dryer. A flap is inserted in each flexible tube to selectively connect the drum as well as the fan to the respective loading station during loading, and to seal the respective connections during drying. The flaps may be either mechanically or automatically actuated.

Abstract: A system for controlling injection time points and quantity of the fuel injection in a self-igniting internal combustion engine includes a transmitter of reference pulses (R) coupled to a crankshaft and a transmitter of speed pulses (D) and of a synchronizing pulse coupled to the camshaft. From the distance of two speed pulses immediately preceding a reference pulse, a measuring interval and instantaneous angular speed are determined. The injection time point is computed as a function of the instantaneous angular speed and of engine variables. By means of the synchronizing pulse, the measuring section and the reference pulse are assigned to a corresponding cylinder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-removal press having, in a machine framework, a press base with discharge openings, a circular-cylindrical filling frame with end faces open on both sides, and a press piston. The filling frame and the press piston are displaceably guided perpendicularly on common guides and are vertically adjustable in each case by means of a lifting device. The press piston has a rigid piston body and a pot-shaped diaphragm enveloping the piston body from below. In the non-operating position, the outside diameter of the press piston is smaller than the clearance width of the filling frame. During the press operation, the press piston plunges into the filling frame. When a pressure fluid is applied to the inner side of the pot-shaped diaphragm, the latter sits against the periphery on the filling frame and expands at the end face down to the washing mass located below it to press out the latter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for recirculating exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculating conduit which is provided with a valve controlled by two solenoid windings. The system includes a control device including a PID regulator having limitations and cooperating with a three-point switching circuit which exhibits a hysteresis and includes a feedback. The energizing signals for the two solenoid windings are limited between a minimum and a maximum value, whereby the minimum value is defined by the operational sensitivity of the exhaust gas recirculating valve.

Abstract: For a speed governing system for an internal combustion engine with self-ignition, which includes an electromagnetic final control element for influencing the injection quantity and a control unit having a governor for controlling the final control element, provisions are proposed which give the governor a high dynamic amplification in the range of a drop in the engine rpm, a dynamic amplification that drops from a higher value to a lower value in the range of a sudden drop of engine speed, that is, an rpm undercutting, and a flattened governor characteristic in the vicinity of the ends of the control range. A governor of this kind reacts very flexibly to changes in rpm and in particular does not enter a saturated state, and it adjusts to a new control state without disruptive reacceleration phenomena. A governor of this kind is particularly well suited for motor vehicles having a Diesel engine with a relatively large number of cylinders.

Abstract: Disclosed a regulating device for a fuel volume adjuster of a self-igniting internal combustion engine. In order to damp jerking movements resulting at different power transmissions, a signal corresponding to the actual rotary speed of the engine is fed back into an electronic regulating circuit. Preferably, the feedback path includes a phase shifter. It is essential that the regulating action of the rotary speed be not delayed by the phase turning shifter. For this purpose, the electronic regulating circuit includes a PI stage and the fed back signal is applied to the regulating circuit only after its I-constituent has become effective.

Abstract: An rpm-governing system for an internal combustion engine with auto-ignition is proposed, in which the fuel quantity to be injected at least in the event of idling is subject to the influence of an electromagnetic final control element, in which the control unit for forming the final control element trigger signal includes a regulator having PID behavior and in which the regulation signal is formed in accordance with the actual rpm/set-point rpm deviation. This rpm-governing system has an increase in rpm set-point value, with a retarded drop, this increase in set-point being made to follow up the increase in actual value. The PID regulator furthermore has a non-linear and preferably rpm-dependent P component. The signal end stage includes a pulse length modulator, the output signal of which triggers an electromagnetic final control element while there is a simultaneous current regulating action.

Abstract: The ratio of the inductance of a measuring coil to that of a reference coil is formed by an operational amplifier. Specifically, the measuring coil is connected between the output and the inverting input of the operational amplifier, the reference coil being connected to the inverting input. An AC voltage having substantially symmetrical half waves is applied to the reference coil. The AC voltage is a triangular voltage generated by two additional operational amplifiers. An emitter-follower connected to the output furnishing the triangular voltage decreases the load on the operational amplifiers and therefore allows the connection of a multiplicity of computing stages to the one source of triangular voltage. Additional operational amplifier stages, in conjunction with diodes, constitute a full wave rectifier and filter for the output of the operational amplifier furnishing the ratio signal.

Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus for use in association with the fuel injection pumps of Diesel engines to time the moment of injection. The method and apparatus described relate to a closed-loop control system which engages a final control element in the fuel injection pump that changes the injection timing, i.e. the onset of fuel delivery and, hence, the onset of fuel injection. The controlled variable is the moment of fuel injection, detected by suitable means placed near the injection valves. A set-point value for this instant is derived on the basis of stored data which correlate the correct moment of injection as a function of engine speed with various optimum conditions, for example, low fuel consumption, low smoke generation, low noise, etc. The selection of the proper characteristic curve from the stored data set is made automatically or manually.

Abstract: A signal transducer for use in association with a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine to detect the moment of commencement of fuel injection. The axial position of the fuel valve needle is sensed and a proportional signal is applied to a signal differentiator which generates therefrom an output signal with a substantially steeper initial slope. This signal is easier to evaluate with respect to the onset of fuel injection than the direct transducer signal which has relatively low absolute amplitudes and whose amplitude increases only very slowly at the moment of opening of the injection valve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine by limiting the amount of fuel to be admitted to the engine in dependence on engine speed and on the air mass flow rate. The invention provides a primary set of stored data interrelating these variables. The primary data set is used to generate a set-point value for the position of a movable stop member which limits the mechanical travel of the fuel control rack in the fuel injection pump; the control rack is also subject to the action of a mechanical speed governor. Additional corrections of the maximum amount of fuel are made on the basis of air temperature and fuel temperature. Still further refinements include taking into account exhaust gas temperature and engine starting conditions. The final corrected set-point signal is then compared with the output from a position indicator which is attached to the stop member.

Abstract: In a process for producing x-ray fluorescent luminescent cadmium tungstate material by precipitation of cadmium tungstate from an aqueous solution of an alkali metal tungstate by the addition of an aqueous solution of a cadmium salt and separation, washing, drying and calcining of the resulting precipitate, an improvement is provided wherein(a) each of the alkali metal tungstate and cadmium salt solutions is at least 1N,(b) mixing of the two solutions is done over 0.1 to 4 hours,(c) approximately equivalent amounts of both solutions are mixed,(d) mixing is done at a temperature of 0.degree. C - the boiling point of the mixture,(e) the precipitate is activated by calcination at a temperature between 400.degree. and 1200.degree. C for up to 6 hours, and(f) the thus-activated precipitate is reslurried in water, washed and dried.