Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, (B) a porous first ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and which (i) has a pore structure which is characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein (C) the electrolyte-contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material is covered with fine particles of a further material to extend the use life, the average size of the fine particles being in the range from 0.5 to 30% and preferably in the range from 1 to 15% of the average pore size of the ceramic material.

Abstract: Separators for lithium batteries based on a sheetlike flexible substrate provided with a plurality of openings and having a porous inorganic electrically insulating coating on and in the substrate, the coating closing the openings in the substrate, the material of the substrate being selected from woven or non-woven electrically nonconductive polymeric fibers and the inorganic electrically conductive coating comprising metal oxide particles, the separators being electrical insulators and having lithium ion conducting properties without the presence of an electrolyte, the separators comprising at least one lithium ion conducting inorganic material which may also contain organic groups chemically bonded to the inorganic coating, which separators, after filling them with an additional lithium ion conducting electrolyte, have much higher ion conduction than conventional combinations of non-lithium ion conducting separators and electrolyte; a process for producing the separators; and batteries, such as high power

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor including a separating layer on a support. The separating layer represents a porous inorganic, electrically non-conducting coating which is provided with particles of compounds of the elements Al, Si, and/or Zr, the particles being bonded to each other and to the support by an inorganic adhesive. The support can represent a porous electrode or a porous and planar substrate that is provided with polymer fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stacks comprising separators and electrodes stacked alternately one on top of the other and fixed, the stack having, on at least one side and/or edge of the stack, at least one adhesive bond comprising an organic adhesive, which bond adhesively bonds the electrodes and separators of the stack to one another, and a method for the production thereof and the use of these stacks in Li batteries.

Abstract: A flexible, ceramic membrane is useful as a separator for batteries, especially lithium batteries, the membrane containing a polymeric non-woven; a ceramic coating on and in the non-woven; wherein the ceramic coating comprises at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, SiO2, and mixtures thereof; wherein the coating comprises at least two fractions of oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, BaTiO3, SiO2, and mixtures thereof; a first ceramic fraction of the coating having been obtained from a sol; a second fraction of the coating comprising particles having an average particle size in the range from 200 nm to 5 ?m; wherein the first fraction is present as a layer on the particles of the second fraction; the coating comprising from 0.

Abstract: A separator based on a sheetlike flexible substrate having a multiplicity of openings and having a coating on and in the substrate, the material of the substrate being selected from woven or non-woven electrically nonconductive fibers of glass or ceramic or a combination thereof and the coating being a porous electrically insulating ceramic coating, characterized by a thickness of less than 100 ?m; a process for producing the separator; and a battery comprising the separator.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor including a separating layer on a support. The separating layer represents a porous inorganic, electrically non-conducting coating which is provided with particles of compounds of the elements Al, Si, and/or Zr, the particles being bonded to each other and to the support by an inorganic adhesive. The support can represent a porous electrode or a porous and planar substrate that is provided with polymer fibers.

Abstract: A claim is laid to a permeable composite, a process of production of the composite as well as the use of this composite. The composite essentially contains a perforated and permeable carrier, on and in or on or in which another component that essentially contains metallic compounds with elements from group III to VI of the periodic system is stabilized. Stabilization of the component on or in the carrier is carried out by heating a suspension consisting of the component suspended in a metallic oxide sol that has been applied onto or into or onto and into the carrier. In this way, it is possible to produce a permeable composite that is ideally suited for use in filtration and membrane technologies under very mild conditions either by heating for a short time or warming for a longer time.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ion-conducting composite which is permeable to matter, to a method for producing an ion-conducing composite which is permeable to matter, and to the use of this composite in various processes. Membranes or ion-conducting materials are used for various chemical and physical process, e.g., electrolysis, electrodialysis. The membranes used are often polymer-based. These polymers are relatively non-resistant to solvents and high temperatures. Therefore, the aim of the invention is to provide an ion-conducting composite. The inventive composite consists of inorganic constituents or at least mainly of inorganic constituents, and is characterised in that is very stable in relation to acids and high temperatures. According to the invention, ion-conducting materials or materials which will be ion-conducting after an additional treatment are added to a composite which is permeable to matter during production. Alternatively, the finished composite is treated with said materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrophobic permeable composite, to a method for producing a hydrophobic permeable composite and to the use of said composite in various processes. Hydrophobic, permeable materials have been known for some time. Plastic materials especially, for example Gore-Tex®, but also materials consisting of other organic polymers are used whenever a material is required to be gas- and steam-permeable but not liquid-permeable. These materials have the disadvantage that they can only be used within a certain temperature range. The inventive composite is characterised by a higher temperature resistance since it consists mainly of inorganic materials. It is also relatively easy to produce since it can be obtained using the sol-gel technique. The inventive composite can be used as a membrane in the oxidation of aromatics, for example in the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material contains essentially a porous, permeable support, another constituent having been solidified on and in or on or in said support. Said other constituent essentially contains metallic compounds with elements of the 3rd to the 6th main group. The constituent is solidified to, on or in the support by heating a suspension of the constituent suspended in a metal oxide sol applied on and in or on or in the support. The invention hereby provides a means of producing a permeable composite material in very mild conditions, either by heating strongly for a short period or by heating more moderately for a longer period.

Abstract: A gas filter, a process for producing a gas filter and the use of the gas filter are claimed. The filtration of gases, in particular of gases which are contaminated by solids, e.g. automobile exhaust gases, is difficult since the solids which have been filtered out block the filter over the course of time. The gas filter of the invention can be used over relatively long periods of time since it is regenerable.

Abstract: A gas filter, a process for producing a gas filter and the use of the gas filter. The filtration of gases, in particular of gases which are contaminated by solids, e.g. automobile exhaust gases, is difficult since the solids which have been filtered out block the filter over the course of time. The gas filter of the invention can be used over relatively long periods of time since it is regenerable. The improvement achieved by the invention compared to conventional gas filters is that the filter comprises a composite material which can be heated in a simple manner by application of a voltage to the electrically conductive support material of the composite material and thermally decomposable substances which can block the filter can be decomposed. The filter of the invention can be used wherever gases which are contaminated by thermally decomposable solids have to be cleaned.

Abstract: The invention relates to a permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material contains essentially a porous, permeable support, another constituent having been solidified on and in or on or in said support. Said other constituent essentially contains metallic compounds with elements of the 3rd to the 6th main group. The constituent is solidified to, on or in the support by heating a suspension of the constituent suspended in a metal oxide sol applied on and in or on or in the support. The invention hereby provides a means of producing a permeable composite material in very mild conditions, either by heating strongly for a short period or by heating more moderately for a longer period. The resulting permeable composite material is excellently suited to applications in filtration and membrane technology.

Abstract: Mixtures of gases, liquids or solutions are separated by contacting the mixtures with a substance-permeable material and applying a voltage to the substance-permeable material, thereby increasing the efficiency of separation techniques such as microfiltration or ultrafiltration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active, permeable composite material, a method for producing said composite material, and the use of the composite material. The inventive composite material can be used for separating mixtures of materials. The fact that various catalytically active substances can be incorporated into the material in various ways makes it highly flexible in terms of possible applications with properties which can be adapted to the particular purpose of an application. The inventive composite material can be used as a catalytically active membrane electrode, for example. According to the invention, the material is obtained by solidifying a suspension on and in a porous, permeable support. The production of the material requires either a very short period of heat treatment at temperatures of around 400° C. or treatment for a longer period at very mild temperatures of below 100° C.