Abstract: Substance combinations are disclosed which include urea, at least one chitosan biopolymer having a degree of deacetylation of from 70% to 95%, and at least one dicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution. The substance combinations are useful as primers for the pretreating substrate surfaces, in particular flat or sheet-form, non-metallic substrates, which are provided as carrier materials for vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, to enable subsequent fixing to those substrate surfaces of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors from an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution containing them. Certain embodiments of the substance combination include 0.1-2% by weight chitosan biopolymer, 10-25% by weight urea, and 0.5-2.5% by weight of a dicarboxylic acid, completely dissolved in deionized water. Yet a further, related aspect of the invention relates to a carrier material for vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, wherein the vapor phase corrosion inhibitors are fixed to a substrate surface pretreated with the substance combination.

Abstract: Disclosed are combinations of substances for stimulus-dependent release of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors including: (1) a matrix; (2) at least one symmetrical or asymmetrical carboxylic acid anhydride of at least one first carboxylic acid, (3) at least one salt of at least one second, highly volatile corrosion-inhibiting carboxylic acid, wherein (2) is a non-volatile anhydride or an anhydride with low volatility with a vapor pressure of preferably lower than 1×10?3 Pa at 25° C. The combination is effective to release the first carboxylic acid(s) by hydrolysis of the anhydride and release the second carboxylic acid(s) of (3) from its salt by proton transfer from first carboxylic acid(s), so that the second carboxylic acid(s) is/are present as a corrosion inhibitor in the vapor phase. Also disclosed are methods for producing and using the combinations for corrosion protection of conventional industrially used metals, in, e.g., packing, storage and transport processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are combinations of substances for stimulus-dependent release of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors including: (1) a matrix; (2) at least one symmetrical or asymmetrical carboxylic acid anhydride of at least one first carboxylic acid, (3) at least one salt of at least one second, highly volatile corrosion-inhibiting carboxylic acid, wherein (2) is a non-volatile anhydride or an anhydride with low volatility with a vapor pressure of preferably lower than 1×10?3 Pa at 25° C. The combination is effective to release the first carboxylic acid(s) by hydrolysis of the anhydride and release the second carboxylic acid(s) of (3) from its salt by proton transfer from first carboxylic acid(s), so that the second carboxylic acid(s) is/are present as a corrosion inhibitor in the vapor phase. Also disclosed are methods for producing and using the combinations for corrosion protection of conventional industrially used metals, in, e.g., packing, storage and transport processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to corrosion-inhibiting substance combinations capable of evaporation or sublimation, containing at least: (1) substituted 1,4-benzoquinone, (2) aromatic or alicyclic substituted carbamate, (3) polysubstituted phenol, and (4) monosubstituted pyrimidine. These combinations preferably include 1-30 mass % of component (1), 5-40 mass % of component (2), 2-20 mass % of component (3), and 0.5-10 mass % of component (4), each relating to the total quantity of the substance combination. The components can be provided mixed together or dispersed in water, or also pre-mixed in solubilizer that can be mixed with mineral oils and synthetic oils, preferably an arylalkylether alcohol such as, e.g., phenoxyethanol. Such substance combinations can be used as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors in packaging or during storage in closed spaces for protecting common commodity metals such as iron, chrome, nickel, aluminum, copper and their alloys as well as galvanized steels, against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: Substance combinations are disclosed which include urea, at least one chitosan biopolymer having a degree of deacetylation of from 70% to 95%, and at least one dicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution. The substance combinations are useful as primers for the pretreating substrate surfaces, in particular flat or sheet-form, non-metallic substrates, which are provided as carrier materials for vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, to enable subsequent fixing to those substrate surfaces of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors from an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution containing them. Certain embodiments of the substance combination include 0.1-2% by weight chitosan biopolymer, 10-25% by weight urea, and 0.5-2.5% by weight of a dicarboxylic acid, completely dissolved in deionized water. Yet a further, related aspect of the invention relates to a carrier material for vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, wherein the vapor phase corrosion inhibitors are fixed to a substrate surface pretreated with the substance combination.

Abstract: The invention relates to corrosion-inhibiting substance combinations capable of evaporation or sublimation, containing at least: (1) substituted 1,4-benzoquinone, (2) aromatic or alicyclic substituted carbamate, (3) polysubstituted phenol, and (4) monosubstituted pyrimidine. These combinations preferably include 1-30 mass % of component (1), 5-40 mass % of component (2), 2-20 mass % of component (3), and 0.5-10 mass % of component (4), each relating to the total quantity of the substance combination. The components can be provided mixed together or dispersed in water, or also pre-mixed in solubilizer that can be mixed with mineral oils and synthetic oils, preferably an arylalkylether alcohol such as, e.g., phenoxyethanol. Such substance combinations can be used as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors in packaging or during storage in closed spaces for protecting common commodity metals such as iron, chrome, nickel, aluminum, copper and their alloys as well as galvanized steels, against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: A lithium-containing, transparent glass-ceramic material is provided. The material has low thermal expansion and has an amorphous, lithium-depleted, vitreous surface zone. The zone is at least 50 nm thick on all sides and encloses a crystalline interior, which has high transmission. The material includes a transition region connecting the zone and the interior.

Abstract: A lithium-containing, transparent glass-ceramic material is provided. The material has low thermal expansion and has an amorphous, lithium-depleted, vitreous surface zone. The zone is at least 50 nm thick on all sides and encloses a crystalline interior, which has high transmission. The material includes a transition region connecting the zone and the interior.

Abstract: A lithium-containing, transparent glass-ceramic material is provided. The material has low thermal expansion and has an amorphous, lithium-depleted, vitreous surface zone. The zone is at least 50 nm thick on all sides and encloses a crystalline interior, which has high transmission. The material includes a transition region connecting the zone and the interior.

Abstract: The invention relates to substance combinations comprising (1) at least one substituted, preferably polysubstituted, pyrimidine, (2) at least one monoalkylurea, (3) at least one C3 to C5 aminoalkyldiol, and optionally (4) at least one benzotriazole, preferably a benzotriazole which is substituted on the benzene ring. The components may be mixed together or dispersed in water or pre-mixed in a solubiliser that is miscible in any ratio with mineral oils and synthetic oils, such as for example a phenyl alkyl alcohol or an alkylated phenol. Such substance combinations can be used as vapour phase corrosion inhibitors in packagings or during storage in closed spaces for protecting customary utility metals, such as iron, chromium, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminium, copper and alloys thereof, against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: In order to obtain glass or glass ceramic materials having increased strength, a method is provided for producing glass or glass ceramic articles, which comprises: producing an initial glass body, mounting the initial glass body on a gas cushion between a levitation support and the initial glass body, and at least partially ceramizing the initial glass body on the levitation support. The levitation support comprises at least one continuous surface region having at least one gas feed region where levitation gas for the gas cushion is fed out from the levitation support, and at least one gas discharge region where gas from the gas cushion is at least partially discharged into the levitation support.

Abstract: A lithium-containing, transparent glass-ceramic material is provided. The material has low thermal expansion and has an amorphous, lithium-depleted, vitreous surface zone. The zone is at least 50 nm thick on all sides and encloses a crystalline interior, which has high transmission. The material includes a transition region connecting the zone and the interior.

Abstract: In order to obtain glass or glass ceramic materials having increased strength, the invention provides a method for producing glass or glass ceramic articles, which comprises the steps: producing an initial glass body (11), mounting the initial glass body (11) on a gas cushion (13) between a levitation support (1) and the initial glass body (11), and at least partially ceramizing the initial glass body (11) on the levitation support (1). The levitation support comprises at least one continuous surface region (3) having at least one gas feed region (151, 152, 153) where levitation gas for the gas cushion (13) is fed out from the levitation support, and at least one gas discharge region (171 172, 173) where gas from the gas cushion (13) is at least partially discharged into the levitation support.

Abstract: In order to provide a particularly homogeneous pressure and temperature profile in a gas cushion for the levitating support of glass or glass ceramic, the invention provides a device (19) for transporting or supporting glass ceramic or glass, which comprises at least one diaphragm (1, 2) that has at least one continuous bearing surface (3) and at least one gas feed chamber (51-55) and at least one gas discharge chamber (71-75), the gas feed chamber (51-55) and the gas discharge chamber (71-75) having a gas-permeable connection to the bearing surface (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to substance combinations comprising (1) at least one substituted, preferably polysubstituted, pyrimidine, (2) at least one monoalkylurea, (3) at least one C3 to C5 aminoalkyldiol, and optionally (4) at least one benzotriazole, preferably a benzotriazole which is substituted on the benzene ring. The components may be mixed together or dispersed in water or pre-mixed in a solubiliser that is miscible in any ratio with mineral oils and synthetic oils, such as for example a phenyl alkyl alcohol or an alkylated phenol. Such substance combinations can be used as vapour phase corrosion inhibitors in packagings or during storage in closed spaces for protecting customary utility metals, such as iron, chromium, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminium, copper and alloys thereof, against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new substance combinations as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors for protecting a broad range of customary utility metals, including iron, chromium, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, magnesium and their alloys, against corrosion in humid climates. Said substance combinations comprise (1) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (2) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and (3) a primary aromatic amide. Preferably they further comprise (4) an aliphatic ester of hydroxybenzoic acid, in particular of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and/or (5) a bemzimidazole, in particular a benzimidazole substituted on the benzene ring.

Abstract: In the process for partially shaping, a glass/glass ceramic article (5) is held on a planar support plate (1) by suction. The glass/glass ceramic article is heated to soften it, so that it has a viscosity below 106 dPa·s. After the softening one or more shaping dies (4) is or are moved upward through an opening or respective openings (3) in the support plate to form raised regions in the softened glass/glass ceramic article (5). The suction force is produced by a low pressure in a hollow compartment (2) below the support plate (1) and acts on the glass/glass ceramic article (5) by means of a gap (G) formed between each shaping die (4) and the support plate. Additional openings can be provided in the support plate and/or in one or more of the shaping dies to assist in applying the suction force to the glass/glass ceramic article. After solidification of the softened glass/glass-ceramic article the shaping die or dies (4) is or are withdrawn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new substance combinations as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors for protecting a broad range of customary utility metals, including iron, chromium, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, magnesium and their alloys, against corrosion in humid climates. Said substance combinations comprise (1) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (2) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and (3) a primary aromatic amide. Preferably they further comprise (4) an aliphatic ester of hydroxybenzoic acid, in particular of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and/or (5) a bemzimidazole, in particular a benzimidazole substituted on the benzene ring.

Abstract: In order to provide a particularly homogeneous pressure and temperature profile in a gas cushion for the levitating support of glass or glass ceramic, the invention provides a device (19) for transporting or supporting glass ceramic or glass, which comprises at least one diaphragm (1, 2) that has at least one continuous bearing surface (3) and at least one gas feed chamber (51-55) and at least one gas discharge chamber (71-75), the gas feed chamber (51-55) and the gas discharge chamber (71-75) having a gas-permeable connection to the bearing surface (3).

Abstract: In order to obtain glass or glass ceramic materials having increased strength, the invention provides a method for producing glass or glass ceramic articles, which comprises the steps: producing an initial glass body (11), mounting the initial glass body (11) on a gas cushion (13) between a levitation support (1) and the initial glass body (11), and at least partially ceramizing the initial glass body (11) on the levitation support (1). The levitation support comprises at least one continuous surface region (3) having at least one gas feed region (151, 152, 153) where levitation gas for the gas cushion (13) is fed out from the levitation support, and at least one gas discharge region (171 172, 173) where gas from the gas cushion (13) is at least partially discharged into the levitation support.