Abstract: The invention is directed to an adapter connector for connecting an insertable connector plug to a receiving socket. The adapter connector includes a body having an adapter socket defining a hollow cylinder for receiving the insertable connector plug therein. A clamping device presses in the hollow cylinder to tightly clamp the insertable connector plug therein. The body also has an adapter connector plug provided thereon to include an external cylinder with a projecting latch nose for insertion into the receiving socket.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pancratic mirror objective system for laser focussing and especially for laser machining apparatus. The pancratic mirror objective system preferably includes a convex paraboloid mirror and an ellipsoid mirror. The ellipsoid mirror can be approximated by a toric or spherical form. The focus F.sub.1 of the paraboloid mirror P and the first focus of the ellipsoid mirror E are coincident. By rotating the ellipsoid mirror E about the axis parallel to the incident laser beam through the first focus F.sub.1, the effective image side aperture (for example K=4 to K=8) and the focal length are varied. The track control compensates for the movement of the focus F.sub.2 in laser machining apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mirror for changing the geometrical form of a light beam. The mirror includes several mirroring regions with these regions being strip-like segments. An incoming light beam impinges on several of these segments which are all so aligned that the reflected component beams from all segments are imaged on one and the same component area of an axis. The mirror can be configured as one piece which imparts a linear beam geometry with only one reflection.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for measuring the absorption of a transparent specimen. The arrangement includes: a radiation source for supplying radiation; a radiation-integrating device defining a space enclosed by a wall having a reflective surface for multiply reflecting the radiation substantially uniformly throughout the space to diffusely illuminate the transparent specimen whereby diffused radiation passes through the transparent specimen; a photometric measuring unit for measuring the radiation passed through the specimen; and, a mount for mounting the specimen between the reflective surface and the measuring unit. The arrangement of the invention enables the absorption of transparent specimens to be measured which have unfavorable outer forms such as where the specimen contains no surfaces which are mutually parallel.

Abstract: A transmitting and receiving arrangement for fiber-optic sensors includes a first radiation source L1 having radiation which is conducted via an optical switch having a wavelength-dependent transmission or reflection filter into the fiber FA going to the sensor head. The radiation returning from the fiber is conducted via the optical switch to a first detector D1. The arrangement further includes: a second detector D2 which is permanently optically coupled into the radiation path of the first radiation source L1; and, a second radiation source L2, which is switched on alternately to the first radiation source L1 and both detectors D1, D2 are subjected to the radiation of this radiation source.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a mirror having mutually adjacent segments defined by a body such as a cone, sphere, toroid, paraboloid or ellipsoid having a line focus. The segments are displayed in stepwise manner axially or parallelly laterally to suppress interference or for forming an intensity profile.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a mirror for changing the geometric shape of a light beam. A two-dimensional intensity distribution substantially independent of the mode structure can be generated by mounting a grating in the optical beam path of the laser beam. The intensity distribution is constant in one direction and, in a direction perpendicular thereto, the intensity can have any preselectable intensity distribution.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an optical switch for a sensor. The optical switch conducts radiation emitted from a radiation source into a fiber leading to the sensor and conducts radiation returning from this fiber onto an optoelectric receiver. The optical switch includes a filter having wavelength-dependent transmission and reflection characteristics as well as optical components for collimating or focusing. The optical components together with the filter define a component unit in the form of an acute angle optical switch. The optical switch also has a first beam splitter mounted downstream of the component for collimating the radiation emitted by the radiation source. The beam splitter splits off a component of the radiation emitted by the radiation source as a reference beam and the reference beam is guided via deflecting prisms and spacers to a second beam splitter.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a reflectance measuring apparatus for making contactless measurements on structured test objects wherein the measuring result is independent of the distance of the test object within a difference range (d). The illumination arrangement and the measuring arrangement have a common center axis (z) which extends perpendicularly to the surface of the test object. At least the illumination arrangement or the measuring arrangement includes at least three radiation transmitters or three radiation receivers having optical axes arranged on at least one cone (c) concentric with respect to the common center axis (z). Of the set of radiation transmitters and the set of radiation receivers, one of the sets is configured to have a parallel ray bundle with a core area (k) and the other one of the sets is configured to have a bundle having a limited aperture with the area (m) covered by the limited aperture or apertures being smaller than the core area (k) within a distance range (d).

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes a freely moving measuring head which is connected to a stationary base unit via light conductors and an electrical cable. The radiation reflected from the sample is simultaneously measured at three different angles. For this purpose, three diode-array spectrometers are provided in the stationary base unit. The spectrum of the radiation illuminating the sample can be simultaneously measured with a fourth diode-array spectrometer.

Abstract: A reflectance measuring apparatus for contactless measurement is described, in which the result of measurement is not dependent on the distance from the test object within a predetermined range. This is attained by disposing the light source in the focus of a condenser, and by providing that the measuring area is smaller than the core region inside the irradiated area on the surface of the test object.

Abstract: At its exit end, an articulated optical system contains a triple mirror which reflects part of the laser beam into itself and back to a detector disposed in the vicinity of the entry of the articulated optical system. The detector signal is delivered to an adjusting mirror also disposed at the entry of the articulated optical system. The adjusting mirror compensates for drifting of the laser beam caused by errors in the telescopic guides and bearings of the articulated arm. Since the laser beam, after reflection at the triple mirror, is returned once again by means of all the movable elements of the articulated arm, the directional association between the displacement measured by the detector and the follow-up adjusting movement of the adjusting mirror remains independent of the amount of rotation in the joints.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for correcting the position of a laser beam guided by means of an articulated optical system. This system includes a position-sensitive detector at its output end for generating a signal which is passed to an adjustable mirror arranged on the input end. The adjustable mirror compensates for an excursion of the laser beam occurring as a result of faults in the guide means and bearings of the articulated arm. Prior to entering the articulated optical system, the laser beam or parallelly guided pilot beam is modulated with respect to the beam direction with a small amplitude by another adjustable mirror. The detector signal component corresponding to the modulation frequency is passed to an electronic circuit which determines the directional relationships between the excursion of the laser beam at the output of the articulated arm and the follow-up movement of the adjustable mirror for deflecting the beam.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for compensating for offset and angular errors of a laser coupled into a processing machine or measuring machine. The laser is mounted separately from the machine. The arrangement includes two adjustable mirrors by means of which the beam position at the coupling point is maintained constant. The corrective signal is generated by quadrant detectors cooperating with the adjustable mirrors arranged in the path of the laser beam. The detectors are arranged to receive rays of light diverted from the path of the laser beam. One of the detectors is preceded by a collimator causing the detector to respond only to angular errors.

Abstract: A generator of polychromatic light for a projector of a multicolor image, e.g. as used in the testing of a color-television camera, comprises a spherical mixing chamber with three inlet apertures angularly equispaced about an outlet aperture spanned by a transparent test pattern and with a light-diffusing inner wall surface designed to emit a blend of several color components radiated into it from respective sources. A projection objective juxtaposed with the outlet aperture defines with that aperture and with its own entrance pupil a light cone determining a concave illuminating area of circular outline on the chamber wall; the differently colored light beams radiated into the chamber impinge upon limited wall zones offset from this illuminating area in order to homogenize the outgoing polychromatic beam.