Abstract: The idea concerns irradiation of a target volume (53), wherein intensities for target points (70) are determined which are sequentially approached by a beam, comprising the following steps: detecting a volume (63) to be protected, wherein a dose generated by irradiating a target volume (53) does not exceed a predetermined maximum value; determining intensities for target points (70) in such a way that within the volume (63) to be protected the generated dose does not exceed the predetermined maximum value, wherein a dose contribution data record is used for determining the intensities, which dose contribution data record comprises the dose generated at other spots (73) by directing the beam (10) on one of the target points (70) with a predetermined intensity.

Abstract: A particle beam generating device includes at least one accelerator unit for generating a particle beam and at least one emission unit for the output of the at least one particle beam onto a workpiece. The device is configured to release at least two particle beams including hadronic particles with at least one of a different mass or a different charge.

Abstract: A Method for determining the material composition of a material sample which emits radiation comprises the following method steps: recording a spectrum of the energy deposited in a detector material by the radiation; determining a first energy deposited in a first energy range, a second energy deposited in a second energy range, and a third energy deposited in a third energy range; assigning a first colour parameter to the first deposited energy, a second colour parameter to the second deposited energy, and a third colour parameter to the third deposited energy; and comparing the assigned colour parameters with predetermined values for the colour parameters, the predetermined values typically corresponding to colour parameters of a predetermined material composition.

Abstract: A detector device detects the penetration depth of a particle beam applied to a target volume. The detector device includes a first detection device and a second detection device. The second detection device is configured to detect photons that are formed in the target volume and is disposed behind the first detection device with respect to a direction of the particle beam.

Abstract: A particle beam generating device includes at least one accelerator unit for generating a particle beam and at least one emission unit for the output of the at least one particle beam onto a workpiece. The device is configured to release at least two particle beams including hadronic particles with at least one of a different mass or a different charge.

Abstract: A method of determining an actual, especially an actual effective, radiation dose distribution of a moving target volume includes detecting first and further positions of volume elements of the target volume in a first and at least one further motional state of the moving target volume, determining transformation parameters by transformation of the first positions into the further positions, irradiating the moving target volume in accordance with an irradiation plan which comprises a plurality of raster points to be irradiated, wherein during the irradiation of a raster point it is detected which of the motional states is occupied by the moving target volume, assigning raster points to subirradiation plans and determining the actual effective dose for each of the plurality of volume elements, in each case from contributions from the raster points of the subirradiation plans using the transformation parameters.

Abstract: A control parameter is determined for a system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam. The system is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the target volume in succession in order to produce at, each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution in a region around the target point. The control parameter controls the extent of an overlap of the dose distribution of a first target point with the dose distributions of neighboring target points. For determination of the control parameter, there is first determined a movement parameter which quantitatively characterizes the movement of the body at the first target point. The control parameter is determined in dependence on the movement parameter.

Abstract: A system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the body in succession, in order to produce at each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution. For the system there is determined a planning target volume by first determining, in a fictive homogeneous body, a target volume equivalent to the minimum target volume in the body. The equivalent target volume is extended by a safety margin, in order to determine the planning target volume.

Abstract: A detector device detects the penetration depth of a particle beam applied to a target volume. The detector device includes a first detection device and a second detection device. The second detection device is configured to detect photons that are formed in the target volume and is disposed behind the first detection device with respect to a direction of the particle beam.

Abstract: A detector assembly for detecting radiation with angular resolution comprises at least one detector element, which comprises a front face and a rear face, a first detector material and a second detector material between the front face and the rear face, a space between the front face and the rear face of the detector element being filled by a plurality of regions of the first detector material and at least one region of the second detector material and each region connecting the front face to the rear face of the detector element; and radiation incident on the detector element through the front face being collimated by means of the detector materials.

Abstract: There is proposed a device for the slice-by-slice irradiation of tumour tissue (3) in a patient using a particle beam, having—an accelerator (7) for generating a particle beam (5) with predetermined energy for each slice, —a raster scanning device (9), acting on the particle beam (5), for the slice-by-slice scanning of the tumour tissue (3), —a modulator (17) for modulating the energy of the particle beam (5), —a detection device (37) for the time-resolved detection of the position of the tumour tissue (3) and having—a first storage device for storing data relating to the tumour tissue (3), which were determined prior to the irradiation operation, and for releasing that data to the raster scanning device (9) and to the modulator (17). The device is characterized by—a module (39), which registers the data on the course of the irradiation and the data of the detection device (37) which have been obtained during an irradiation operation.

Abstract: A method of determining an actual, especially an actual effective, radiation dose distribution of a moving target volume includes detecting first and further positions of volume elements of the target volume in a first and at least one further motional state of the moving target volume, determining transformation parameters by transformation of the first positions into the further positions, irradiating the moving target volume in accordance with an irradiation plan which comprises a plurality of raster points to be irradiated, wherein during the irradiation of a raster point it is detected which of the motional states is occupied by the moving target volume, assigning raster points to subirradiation plans and determining the actual effective dose for each of the plurality of volume elements, in each case from contributions from the raster points of the subirradiation plans using the transformation parameters.

Abstract: Abstract: A control parameter is determined for a system (10) for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body (77) with a particle beam (75). The system is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points (30) in the target volume in succession in order to produce at, each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution (42) in a region around the target point. The control parameter controls the extent of an overlap of the dose distribution of a first target point with the dose distributions of neighbouring target points. For determination of the control parameter, there is first determined (94) a movement parameter which quantitatively characterises the movement of the body at the first target point. The control parameter is determined (95) in dependence on the movement parameter.

Abstract: A system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the body in succession, in order to produce at each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution. For the system there is determined a planning target volume by first determining, in a fictive homogeneous body, a target volume equivalent to the minimum target volume in the body. The equivalent target volume is extended by a safety margin, in order to determine the planning target volume.

Abstract: A detector assembly for detecting radiation with angular resolution comprises at least one detector element, which comprises a front face and a rear face, a first detector material and a second detector material between the front face and the rear face, a space between the front face and the rear face of the detector element being filled by a plurality of regions of the first detector material and at least one region of the second detector material and each region connecting the front face to the rear face of the detector element; and radiation incident on the detector element through the front face being collimated by means of the detector materials.

Abstract: A Method for determining the material composition of a material sample which emits radiation comprises the following method steps: recording a spectrum of the energy deposited in a detector material by the radiation; determining a first energy deposited in a first energy range, a second energy deposited in a second energy range, and a third energy deposited in a third energy range; assigning a first colour parameter to the first deposited energy, a second colour parameter to the second deposited energy, and a third colour parameter to the third deposited energy; and comparing the assigned colour parameters with predetermined values for the colour parameters, the predetermined values typically corresponding to colour parameters of a predetermined material composition.

Abstract: There is proposed a device for the slice-by-slice irradiation of tumour tissue (3) in a patient using a particle beam, having—an accelerator (7) for generating a particle beam (5) with predetermined energy for each slice, —a raster scanning device (9), acting on the particle beam (5), for the slice-by-slice scanning of the tumour tissue (3), —a modulator (17) for modulating the energy of the particle beam (5), —a detection device (37) for the time-resolved detection of the position of the tumour tissue (3) and having—a first storage device for storing data relating to the tumour tissue (3), which were determined prior to the irradiation operation, and for releasing that data to the raster scanning device (9) and to the modulator (17). The device is characterised by—a module (39), which registers the data on the course of the irradiation and the data of the detection device (37) which have been obtained during an irradiation operation.

Abstract: An energy filter device for beams which are used in the course of ion beam therapy, wherein at least one passive modulator is provided. The modulator can comprise a scattering film for the beams and a collimator with an opening for controlling the beams, or a magnetic filter and an absorber, or a nonlinear filter and an apparatus for clipping the intensity of individual energy levels of the beams.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ion beam scanning system having an ion source device, an ion acceleration system and an ion beam guidance system comprising an ion beam outlet window for a converging centered ion beam, and a mechanical alignment system for the target volume to be scanned. For that purpose, the ion acceleration system can be set to an acceleration of the ions required to obtain a maximum depth of penetration. The scanning system also has energy absorption means arranged in the path of the ion beam between the target volume and the ion beam outlet window transverse to the center of the ion beam. The energy absorption means can be displaced transverse to the center of the ion beam in order to vary the energy of the ion beam, so enabling, in the target volume, depth modulation of the ion beam, which is effected by means of a linear motor and the transverse displacement of the energy absorption means, with depth-staggered scanning of volume elements of the target volume in rapid succession.

Abstract: An energy filter device for beams which are used in the course of ion beam therapy, wherein at least one passive modulator is provided. The modulator comprises a scattering film for the beams and a collimator with an opening for controlling the beams.