Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar method for remote sensing of the surface of the Earth by means of a radar device on a flying object moving in an azimuth direction above the surface of the Earth, wherein the radar device includes an array of antenna elements for transmitting radar pulses in a transmitting operation and for receiving radar echoes of these radar pulses reflected at the surface of the Earth in a receiving operation.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar method for remote sensing of the surface of the Earth by means of a radar device on a flying object moving in an azimuth direction above the surface of the Earth, wherein the radar device includes an array of antenna elements for transmitting radar pulses in a transmitting operation and for receiving radar echoes of these radar pulses reflected at the surface of the Earth in a receiving operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for computer-implemented processing of SAR raw data, which comprises radar echoes from radar pulse. An interference radar echo and an interference pulse are associated with a respective radar pulse, wherein the interference pulse and the respective radar pulse have orthogonal waveforms. SAR raw data are focused by a first focusing on the interference pulses including a range compression and an azimuth compression, to obtain first focused data, where a filtering is used for the range compression of a respective radar pulse, which filtering is matched to the waveform of the associated interference pulse. Thereafter, the first focused data undergo a signal suppression, which at least partially suppresses the interference radar echo, as a result of which second focused data are obtained. These second focused data finally undergo a defocusing including range decompression and azimuth decompression to obtain modified SAR raw data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for computer-implemented processing of SAR raw data, which comprises radar echoes from radar pulse. An interference radar echo and an interference pulse are associated with a respective radar pulse, wherein the interference pulse and the respective radar pulse have orthogonal waveforms. SAR raw data are focused by a first focusing on the interference pulses including a range compression and an azimuth compression, to obtain first focused data, where a filtering is used for the range compression of a respective radar pulse, which filtering is matched to the waveform of the associated interference pulse. Thereafter, the first focused data undergo a signal suppression, which at least partially suppresses the interference radar echo, as a result of which second focused data are obtained. These second focused data finally undergo a defocusing including range decompression and azimuth decompression to obtain modified SAR raw data.

Abstract: A reflector antenna for synthetic aperture radar, having a reflector including a reflector surface, a vertex, and an optical axis. The reflector antenna also as a plurality of antenna elements arranged side by side and in a row, for transmitting radar transmission signals and receiving radar reception signals produced from a reflection on a surface. The reflector is designed as a one-dimensional defocused reflector having two focal planes. The optical axis coincides with the line of inter-section of two imaginary planes extending at right angles to one another. The reflector has, in a first (X-) plane, a first (X-) focal plane that extends at right angles thereto and to the optical axis, and, in a second (Y-) plane, a second (Y-) focal plane which extends at right angles thereto and to the optical axis. The second (Y-) focal plane is at a greater distance from the vertex than the first (X-) focal plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflector antenna for a synthetic aperture radar, having a reflector (20) which comprises a reflector surface (22), a vertex (26), and an optical axis (24) extending outwards therefrom. The reflector antenna also has a plurality of antenna elements (18) arranged side by side and in a row, for transmitting radar transmission signals and receiving radar reception signals produced from a reflection on a surface (14). The reflector (20) is designed as a one-dimensional defocused reflector (20) having two focal planes (40, 42). The optical axis (24) coincides with the line of inter-section (28) of two imaginary planes extending at right angles to one another, specifically a first (X-) plane (30) and a second (Y-) plane (32).

Abstract: A continually adapted pulse-to-pulse shift, performed in the azimuth direction, of the phase center which is electrically active on the side of the transmitting antenna (Tx; Tx1, Tx2, Tx3), in connection with the SAR antenna control of a multi-aperture SAR system is designed such that, in the case of an existing pulse repetition frequency (PRF) due to the likewise shifted position of the effective phase center of the entire antenna (Tx; Tx1, Tx2, Tx3; Rx; Rx1, Rx2, Rx3), a compensation or complete correction of non-equidistant scanning in the azimuth direction is achieved. The principle of the pulse-to-pulse shift of the position of the effective phase center of the antenna for achieving the best possible equidistant scanning can be expanded to the side of the receiving antenna (Rx; Rx1, Rx2, Rx3) and to multi-aperture antennas. The technological solution proposed by the invention can be advantageously combined with a subsequent digital beam formation on the receiving antenna side.

Abstract: The transmission antenna (10) of the high-resolution synthetic aperture side view radar system comprises a plurality of sub-apertures (7, 8, 9). In each individual transmission pulse, said sub-apertures are controlled in such a manner that a spatiotemporally non-separable multi-dimensional high-frequency waveform is produced as an transmission signal pulse form, such that the modulation of each transmission pulse has a spatiotemporal diversity which is not described by the product having functions which are independent from each other and which are dependent on, respectively, only one spatial dimension. The thus produced transmission pulse form is combined to a capture-sided spatial filtering by means of digital beamforming adapted to said transmission signal pulse form.

Abstract: A continually adapted pulse-to-pulse shift, performed in the azimuth direction, of the phase center which is electrically active on the side of the transmitting antenna (Tx; Tx1, Tx2, Tx3), in connection with the SAR antenna control of a multi-aperture SAR system is designed such that, in the case of an existing pulse repetition frequency (PRF) due to the likewise shifted position of the effective phase center of the entire antenna (Tx; Tx1, Tx2, Tx3; Rx; Rx1, Rx2, Rx3), a compensation or complete correction of non-equidistant scanning in the azimuth direction is achieved. The principle of the pulse-to-pulse shift of the position of the effective phase center of the antenna for achieving the best possible equidistant scanning can be expanded to the side of the receiving antenna (Rx; Rx1, Rx2, Rx3) and to multi-aperture antennas. The technological solution proposed by the invention can be advantageously combined with a subsequent digital beam formation on the receiving antenna side.

Abstract: The transmission antenna (10) of the high-resolution synthetic aperture side view radar system comprises a plurality of sub-apertures (7, 8, 9). In each individual transmission pulse, said sub-apertures are controlled in such a manner that a spatiotemporally non-separable multi-dimensional high-frequency waveform is produced as an transmission signal pulse form, such that the modulation of each transmission pulse has a spatiotemporal diversity which is not described by the product having functions which are independent from each other and which are dependent on, respectively, only one spatial dimension. The thus produced transmission pulse form is combined to a capture-sided spatial filtering by means of digital beamforming adapted to said transmission signal pulse form.

Abstract: For interferometric and/or tomographic remote sensing by means of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) one to N receiver satellites and/or transmitter satellites and/or transceiver satellites with a horizontal across-track shift the same or differing in amplitude form a configuration of satellites orbiting at the same altitude and same velocity. Furthermore, a horizontal along-track separation, constant irrespective of the orbital position, is adjustable between the individual receiver satellites. In this arrangement one or more receiver satellites orbiting at the same altitude and with the same velocity are provided with a horizontal across-track shift varying over the orbit such that the maximum of the horizontal across-track shift occurs over a different orbital position for each satellite, the maxima of the horizontal across-track shifts are positioned so that the baselines are optimized for across-track interferometry.

Abstract: For interferometric and/or tomographic remote sensing by means of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) one to N receiver satellites and/or transmitter satellites and/or transceiver satellites with a horizontal across-track shift the same or differing in amplitude form a configuration of satellites orbiting at the same altitude and same velocity. Furthermore, a horizontal along-track separation, constant irrespective of the orbital position, is adjustable between the individual receiver satellites.

Abstract: A water-cooled turbogenerator rotor mounted on a rotor shaft and having water-cooled end turn leads surrounded by a rotor end-bell and further having radial current-contact pins contacting ends of exciter current lines disposed in the rotor shaft, the pin being cooled by cooling water fed thereto through high-pressure insulating hoses from cooling-water distribution chambers provided on the rotor shaft, the pins being connectible at radially outer ends thereof to the water-cooled end turn leads disposed in slots formed on the rotor shaft and to the high-pressure insulating hoses, a device for cooling and electrically connecting the exciter current lines includes respective widened contact straps formed at respective ends of the end turn leads extending out from the rotor end bell and at the respective radially outer ends of the current-contact pins, the widened contact straps of the end turn leads and the current-contact pins being received in a slot formed in the surface of the rotor shaft and being in mutua

Abstract: An electrical machine having a rotary shaft includes a rotating rectifier assembly connected in a three-phase current bridge circuit and comprising two support wheels mounted on the shaft in insulated relationship with respect thereto and formed with respective annular flanges, active components of the rectifier assembly comprising heat sinks, rectifier cells and fuses disposed at the inner periphery of the annular flanges, the two support wheels forming direct current poles and comprising an intermediate ring formed of nonmagnetic material insulatedly mounted on the shaft and a support wheel hub directly shrink-fitted on the intermediate ring, the shaft being formed with an axial bore, direct current conductors disposed in the axial bore, and at least one current connecting bolt radially passing through the intermediate ring and into the shaft, the bolt having a head in contact with the support wheel hub and the intermediate ring, and a shank in contact with one of the direct current conductors.

Abstract: An electrical machine having a rotary shaft includes a rotating rectifier assembly comprising two support wheels mounted on the shaft in insulated relationship thereto and formed with respective ring flanges, the two support wheels forming direct current poles, the shaft being formed with an axial bore, at least two direct current conductors disposed in the axial bore, and three current connecting bolts extending radially from each of the two support wheels at uniformly spaced divisions about the periphery thereof, two of the current connecting bolts extending directly to one of the direct current conductors of given polarity and the remaining one of said current connecting bolts extending insulatedly through the other of the direct current conductors having a polarity opposite to the given polarity.