Abstract: A two-ply, dielectric layer for a thin-layer capacitor, has a bottom, first ply formed of a self-assembled monolayer containing phosphorus oxo compounds and has a top, second ply serving as a planarization layer, the second ply containing guanidinium compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel amino acid salts of the racemic or an enantiomeric or tautomeric form of rosiglitazone and to the solvates of said salts.

Abstract: The invention proposes a variable valve train (1) for throttle-free load control of an internal combustion engine. Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is provided with two inlet valves (9). According to the invention, each inlet valve (9) cooperates with a particular adjusting element (8, 8a), and the adjusting elements (8, 8a) can be actuated independently of each another. This additionally enhances the variability of the valve train.

Abstract: The invention proposes a variable valve train (1) for throttle-free load control of an internal combustion engine. Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is provided with two inlet valves (9). According to the invention, each inlet valve (9) cooperates with a particular adjusting element (8, 8a), and the adjusting elements (8, 8a) can be actuated independently of each another. This additionally enhances the variability of the valve train.

Abstract: A tappet (1) is designed to be coupled for different lifts of at least one gas exchange valve. It comprises an outer annular section (2) which concentrically encloses a circular section (3). Both sections (2, 3) are axially movable relative to each other and are loaded in the region of their bottoms (4, 5) by cams of different lifts. Slides (8, 9, 13) extend in receptions (6a, 6b, 7) of the bottoms (4, 5). The first slide (8) cooperates with locking means (14) which scan a signal track on the opposing cam and, in a response to a lift of the signal track, block or permit a longitudinal movement of the first slide (8), the locking means yielding in their releasing direction under action of force. At the same time, the third slide (9) delimits on its radially outer end face (15), a pressure chamber for hydraulic medium. A displacement of all the slides (8, 9, 13) into their coupled position can be effected through this hydraulic medium.

Abstract: A tappet (1) for a valve drive of an internal combustion engine is so designed as to be switchable for different valve lifts and includes an outer circular ring shaped section (5) which encloses a circular section (6). Both sections (5, 6) are acted upon by cams of different lifts, and selectively interconnectable together by coupling elements (9). According to the invention, a juncture (12) for hydraulic fluid is positioned in the skirt (2) and extending from a feed bore (13) in the cylinder head (4) at a lowest point of the tappet (1), when viewed in direction of gravity, in order to install the tappet (1) in an extreme slanted disposition. In opposition thereto, a port (21) of the channel (27), following the juncture (12), is arranged at a highest section of the tappet (1), when viewed in the direction of gravity.

Abstract: A switchable cam follower (1) for a valve train (1b) of an internal combustion engine (1c) which is indirectly actuatable via tappet push rods (1a), the cam follower (1) comprising an outer section (2) which encloses an inner section (4) that is axially movable relative thereto, the outer section (2) having a pot-shaped configuration with a bottom (6) which comprises an end (5) for cam contact and separates the inner section (4) from a cam (4a) whereby upon coupling of the sections (2, 4) by a coupling means (23), a high lift of a gas exchange valve (22a) is effected, and upon uncoupling of the sections (2, 4), a zero lift, the cam follower (1) having a relatively simple structure with only a small design space requirement and can be installed in receptions (20a) of the internal combustion engine (1c) as provided hitherto for non-switchable cam followers.

Abstract: A tappet (1) is made such that it can be coupled for different valve lifts. To assure a sufficiently rapid supply of hydraulic medium to the coupling means (10) of the tappet (1) in the base circle phase of the cam, according to the invention, the tappet (1) is in permanent hydraulic communication with a supply gallery (23). As a result of this, a pre-pressure of hydraulic medium already prevails in the reservoir (15) in front of the coupling means (10) immediately before the desired coupling, so that the desired coupling of the coupling means (10) can take place sufficiently rapidly even at high speeds of rotation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for selective actuation of at least one gas exchange valve includes two members (2, 3) which can be selectively coupled through radially moveable coupling element (7), thereby facilitating the return flow of the hydraulic fluid acting upon the coupling element (7) in the direction of displacement especially at low ambient temperatures of the internal combustion engine and thus highly viscous hydraulic fluid. According to the invention, a relief channel (20) with an orifice plate (18) is installed in the return channel. With an orifice plate (18) of this type, the volume flow rate of the hydraulic fluid is largely independent of the viscosity, so that the coupling element (7) can be reset sufficiently fast even at low ambient temperatures.

Abstract: In a switchable cam follower (1) comprising an inner element (2) and an outer element (3), with said inner element (2) comprising a hydraulic clearance compensation device (10), a coupling of the two elements (2, 3) is effected by radially extending coupling means (4). These coupling means (4) and the clearance compensation device (10) which is integrated in the inner element (2) are loaded by hydraulic pressure from a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine through separate channels (9, 8). According to the invention, the spring means (5) for the coupling means (4) are configured so that from a hydraulic medium pressure from about 0.6 bars on (idling engine speed), the elements (2, 3) are uncoupled. When a switching engine speed, for example, 3,000 rpm, has been reached, the hydraulic pressure in the channel (9) is reduced to about 0.1 bars by a control valve (11). The coupling means (4) are displaced by the spring means (5) into a coupling position.

Abstract: A tappet (1) is to be engageable on to at least three different cam profiles with an optional zero lift. To this end the tappet (1) consists of an annular base section (2) enclosing a circular base section (3). Both base sections (2, 3) can be coupled together via radially adjustable coupling devices (10). An additional, axially movable inner piston (18) is fitted in a guide sleeve (7) of the circular base section (3). The inner piston (18) can be decoupled via further coupling means (23) so that the tappet (1) can be completely decoupled from the guide sleeve (7).

Abstract: A cam follower (1) comprises an annular and a circular bottom portion (2, 3). The two bottom portions (2, 3) are concentric to each other, and a low lift cam (4) is arranged opposite the circular bottom portion (3) while at least one high lift cam (5) is arranged opposite the annular bottom portion (2). The cams (4, 5) are arranged out-of-phase with each other in circumferential direction. Since, therefore, when the cam follower (1) is coupled to the high lift cam (5), the low lift cam (4) would disadvantageously actuate the cam follower (1) with its excess lift, a means is provided in the cam follower for compensating this undesired lift.

Abstract: A switchable support element for a lever valve drive of an internal combustion engine comprising a hollow cylindrical housing arranged with an outer peripheral surface in a reception bore of a cylinder head, an inner element supported on the housing by a compression spring being arranged for axial displacement within the housing, while one front end of the housing or of the inner element bears at least indirectly against a finger lever and a second front end bears against he cylinder head.

Abstract: A two-part tappet is designed to be adaptable to different cam contours. Radial bores (11, 12) are provided in the base sections (2, 3) for receiving at least one radially shiftable piston (13) for coupling the sections (2, 3).

Abstract: A tappet (1) for a valve operating mechanism for an internal combustion engine comprising a thin-walled jacket (3) guided in a bore (5) of a cylinder head (6) and provided in the cam direction with a circular ring-shaped bottom (4) which surrounds a circular bottom (16) of a concentrically arranged guide sleeve (7) in whose bore (9) a clearance compensation element (10) is arranged for longitudinal displacement, the jacket (3) comprising the circular ring-shaped bottom (4) and the guide sleeve (7) comprising the circular bottom (16) being engageable by cams of differing pitch and relatively displaceable axially with respect to each other and with respect to the bore (5) of the cylinder head (6), and a first, central cam (14) of smaller pitch and at least one cam (15) of larger pitch selectively engaging the circular bottom (16) and the circular ring-shaped bottom (4) respectively, characterized in that means are arranged in the jacket (3) which prevent an axial rotation of the tappet (1) in the bore (5) of th