Abstract: .beta.-Aminoacrylic acid esters can be prepared by reacting acetic acid esters of the formulaH.sub.2 CR.sub.1 --COOR.sup.2 (II)with aminal esters of the formula ##STR1## at 0.5-10 bar and 50.degree.-170.degree. C. in an aprotic polar solvent. The radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## may advantageously be prepared by reacting C--H-acidic compounds of the formula ##STR2## with formamide acetals of the formula ##STR3## in which the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 have the meaning given in the description,if the process is carried out in the presence of a secondary amine of the formula ##STR4## in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: Ortho-amides of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting salts of the formula ##STR2## with alcoholates of the formulaM.sup.1 OR.sup.1 (III)where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, M.sup.1 and X.sup..crclbar. have the meaning given in the description. The alcoholates are employed in highly active form with an effective content of 98-100% M.sup.1 OR.sup.1.

Abstract: .beta.-Amino-acrylic acid esters of the formula(R.sup.1 R.sup.2)NCH.dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4can be obtained by reaction of .beta.-hydroxy-acrylic acid ester alkali metal salts of the formulaMe.sup..sym. .crclbar. OCH.dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4with ammonium salts of the formula(R.sup.1 R.sup.2) NH.sub.2.sup..sym. .crclbar.according to the general reaction equation(R.sup.1 R.sup.2) NH.sub.2 X+MeOCH.dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4 .fwdarw.(R.sup.1 R.sup.2) NCH.dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4 +MeX.dbd.H.sub.2 OR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Me.sup..sym. and X.sup..crclbar. having the meaning indicated in the description and the reaction being carried out in an aprotic organic solvent, in which the reaction components are suspended, as the reaction medium and it being possible to replace a part of the aprotic organic solvent by a protic organic solvent which is miscible with the aprotic solvent to give a homogeneous phase.

Abstract: Novel 5-acyloxy-4(5H)-oxazolonium salts of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted aliphatic group with up to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted aliphatic group with up to 8 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl group andX.sup..crclbar. represents the anion of an inorganic or organic acid having a pK.sub.a value of less than 2,are obtained in solution when an acyl cyanide of the general formulaR.sup.1 --CO--N (II)is reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride of the general formulaR.sup.2 --CO--O--CO--R.sup.3 (III)whereinR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each have the abovementioned meaning, in the presence of one or more inorganic or organic acids.

Abstract: New process for the preparation of 1-aminonaphthalene-2,4,7-trisulphonic acid and, if appropriate, 1,7-Cleve's acid, in which 1-nitronaphthalene is reacted by the Piria method with bisulphites in a manner which is known per se, the sulphamate mixture obtained in this Piria reaction is sulphonated with sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid to give 1-aminonaphthalene-2,4,7-trisulphonic acid and, if appropriate, this is hydrolysed to 1,7-Cleve's acid by heating in aqueous sulphuric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 1-aminonaphthalene-2,4,7-trisulphonic acid and 1-aminonaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid (1,7-Cleve's acid), in which 1-aminonaphthalene or naphthionic acid is sulphonated selectively in the presence of certain additives to give 1-aminonaphthalene-2,4,7-trisulphonic acid and this is hydrolyzed to 1,7-Cleve's acid by warming in aqueous sulphuric acid.

Abstract: A metering apparatus includes a roller charging device having an encircling groove which allows an accurate metering in minimum quantities, using the respective angle of slope of a pourable loose material.

Abstract: The new synergistic active compound combinations consisting of (1) a photosynthesis-inhibiting active compound (herbicide) and (2) a pyridinecarboxamide of the general formula (synergistic agent) ##STR1## in which R represents alkyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, alkoxy, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted benzyloxy, and the index n represents the numbers 0, 1, 2 or 3, have a particularly high herbicidal activity. Representative examples of the photosynthesis-inhibiting active compounds are metribuzin, ametridione, methabenzthiazuron, linuron, lenacil, atrazine and 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-ethylthio-1,2,4-triazine-5-one.

Abstract: Substituted maleimides of the formula in whichX represents hydrogen, chlorine or bromine,X.sup.1 represents chlorine or bromine,n represents 2, 3, 4 or 5 andR represents halogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, aryloxy or cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, carbonylamino, hydroxyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkoxy, acyloxy, sulphonylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylmercapto, marcapto, acylmercapto, halogenoalkylmercapto, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino or acylamino andm represents 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,which possess fungicidal activity.

Abstract: Novel 5-acyloxy-4(5H)-oxazolonium salts of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted aliphatic group with up to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted aliphatic group with up to 8 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl group andX.sup..crclbar. represents the anion of an inorganic or organic acid having a pK.sub.a value of less than 2,are obtained in solution when an acyl cyanide of the general formulaR.sup.1 --CO--CN (II)is reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride of the general formulaR.sup.2 --CO--O--CO--R.sup.3 (III)whereinR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each have the abovementioned meaning,in the presence of one or more inorganic or organic acids having a pK.sub.

Abstract: Fungicidally active substituted maleic acid amides of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine,X.sup.1 is chlorine or bromine,R is alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl,R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl,R.sup.6 each independently is halogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, sulphonylamine, halogenoalkyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl or carboxylamine,n is 0, 1, 2 or 3,m is 0, 1, 2 or 3,m+n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, andy is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,with the exception of the compound in whichX and X.sup.1 are chlorine,m and y are 0,n is 1,R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, andR is methyl,and the compound in whichX and X.sup.1 are chlorine,m, n and y are 0,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, andR is phenyl.

Abstract: A method of combatting fungi which comprises applying to fungi or a fungus habitat a fungicidally effective amount of at least one maleic acid N-aralkyl-imide of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen or halogen,Hal is halogen, andm is 2,3 or 4.Those compounds are new in whichHal is chlorine or bromine, andX is hydrogen or bromine if m is 2, orX is chlorine if m is 4.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids and N-t.-alkylamines can be prepared simultaneously by the alkaline pressure hydrolysis of N-t.-alkyl carboxylic acid amides. A 5 to 50% strength by weight aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide is employed for this purpose in an amount of 1.0 to 1.3 mols per mol of the amide. The process is carried out at 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Optionally substituted fluoro-nitro-benzaldehydes are prepared from optionally substituted halogeno-nitro-benzaldehydes and an alkali metal fluoride in a substantially anhydrous inert aprotic solvent, by heating to 50.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The herbicidal 3,6-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5-one of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meaning given in the description,is obtained in good yields by a new two-stage cyclization reaction if an .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acid amide of the general formulaR.sup.1 --CO--CO--NHR.sup.3 (II)is reacted with a hydrazidine of the general formula ##STR2## if appropriate in the presence of a diluent at temperatures between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C., whereby in the first process stage a condensation reaction takes place to give condensation products which still have open chains, and in the second process stage an elimination reaction with ring closure takes place to give the end product of formula (I).