Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of HCN from gas mixtures that contain at least HCN and sulfur compounds, especially from gas mixtures that are obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, by catalytic decomposition of HCN, as well as a catalyst for the decomposition of HCN. According to the invention, the gas mixture is brought into contact with a catalyst which decomposes the HCN by hydrogenation and/or by hydrolysis and COS that is contained in the gas mixture is decomposed at least partially in this catalyst by hydrolysis. Advantageously, a catalyst that is based on titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide as a vehicle and that contains chromium oxide as an active component is used. Advantageously, the catalyst is reduced during catalyst production or before use with H.sub.2 and/or a reducing gas at temperatures above the operating temperature of catalytic decomposition.

Abstract: For the selective removal of sulfur from gases, a physical scrubbing agent is used, comprising a heterocycle having five or more ring atoms, which contains two heteroatoms, one of which is nitrogen and the other of which is oxygen or nitrogen; and the heteroatoms in the rings of even member number of atoms occupy; one of the positions from 1,2 to 1,n/2 and, in the rings of uneven member number of atoms occupy one of the positions from 1,2 up to 1, (n-1)/2. Further, the nitrogen heteroatom(s) present in the ring is/are either double bonded or single bonded but, if single bonded, the nitrogen is organo-substituted.

Abstract: For regenerating a scrubbing agent loaded with H.sub.2 S and/or COS, as well as optionally with other raw gas components to be recovered, the loaded scrubbing agent is mixed, preferably without prior heating, with an oxidatively acting solvent that is immiscible with the scrubbing agent, and the H.sub.2 S dissolved in the immiscible solvent is converted to elementary sulfur.

Abstract: In a process for the purification of coal gasification gases, synthesis gas and fuel gas are simultaneously produced. In order to obtain a fuel gas rich in CO.sub.2, capable of handling fluctuations in demand, and to produce at the same time a highly concentrated H.sub.2 S fluid fraction, a portion of the crude gas, scrubbed to synthesis gas purity, is utilized for stripping out CO.sub.2 under pressure from scrubbing medium loaded exclusively with CO.sub.2. The partially stripped CO.sub.2 -loaded scrubbing medium is employed for the concentration of sulfur compounds in an H.sub.2 S/COS-loaded scrubbing medium.

Abstract: For the fractionation of a hydrocarbon mixture, e.g., natural gas rich in a C.sub.2+ fraction, the hydrocarbon mixture is partially condensed and the thus-produced gas/liquid mixture is separated in a distillation column to produce a gaseous overhead fraction containing lighter hydrocarbons and a liquid bottoms product containing heavier hydrocarbons. In the upper column section, the gas is scrubbed with a physical scrubbing agent which is preferably a part of the bottoms product. A gaseous stream is withdrawn from the middle of the column to give the C.sub.4+ bottoms product the proper composition for scrubbing purposes. The scrubbing agent is also subcooled to lower the vapor pressure, preferably by a cooler liquid withdrawn from the column.

Abstract: For scrubbing C.sub.2+ or C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons from gaseous mixture containing hydrocarbons and/or inerts like H.sub.2 N.sub.2, CO and possibly acid gases, e.g. CO.sub.2 H.sub.2 S, COS e.g. natural gas and the like, the scrubbing medium consists essentially of compounds having one to two rings formed by 5 or 6 carbon atoms, wherein the compounds comprise, in total, at least 9 and at most 17 carbon atoms, and the rings are saturated unsaturated or partially saturated especially alkylated ring compounds of 9 or 10 carbon atoms, e.g. isomeric forms of trimethylbenzene, propylbenzene, propylcyclohexane, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene.

Abstract: For scrubbing C.sub.2+ or C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons from gaseous mixture containing hydrocarbons and/or inerts like H.sub.2' N.sub.2, CO and possibly acid gases, e.g. CO.sub.2 H.sub.2 S, COS e.g., natural gas and the like, the scrubbing medium consists essentially of compounds having one to two rings formed by 5 or 6 carbon atoms, wherein the compounds comprise, in total, at least 9 and at most 17 carbon atoms, and the rings are saturated unsaturated or partially saturated especially alkylated ring compounds of 9 or 10 carbon atoms, e.g. isomeric forms of trimethylbenzene, propylbenzene, propylcyclohexane, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene.

Abstract: In a process for the regeneration of a scrubbing medium which has been utilized in a scrubbing operation and therein loaded with scrubbed-out components, the scrubbing medium is expanded and regenerated and hence can be reused in the scrubbing operation. In order to be able to subject expansion gases obtained during the expansion to an after-treatment under elevated pressure, or to be able to discharge these expansion gases under a higher pressure, the loaded scrubbing medium is expanded in at least two stages. Expansion in one stage is performed by means of a liquid-jet compressor and the expansion gases of a subsequent expansion stage are brought to an elevated pressure by means of the liquid-jet compressor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining C.sub.2+ or C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing gaseous mixtures by pressure scrubbing with a physically acting solvent selective for C.sub.2+ and, respectively, C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons. The solvent, after loading, is regenerated and reused. In order to avoid impurities in the C.sub.2+ and, respectively, C.sub.3+ product in an economical and energy-saving way, the loaded solvent is subjected to expansion to a pressure lying below the critical pressure of the solvent-gas mixture, and to heating and partial evaporation in order to drive off concomitantly dissolved inert gases. The solvent, reduced in its content of inert gases, is then to be passed on to regeneration. The process is advantageous, in particular, in cases where crude gases are to be processed which exhibit a low concentration of components to be scrubbed out.

Abstract: The combined production of ammonia and urea by the reaction of gases containing hydrocarbons with steam is conducted by using a steam reformer, downstream secondary reformer, and shift converter. The ammonia synthesis gas (hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) is subjected to a high pressure scrubbing step with a physical solvent, to remove the acid impurities, especially CO.sub.2. The pressure on the loaded solvent is reduced to a first intermediate pressure for degasing of the coabsorbed inerts and then to a second intermediate pressure for removal of the bulk of the absorbed CO.sub.2, which is then used for urea synthesis. To remove residual CO.sub.2, the solvent is stripped with air and the resultant air stream containing the stripped residual CO.sub.2 is fed to the secondary reformer.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of CO-rich gases incurred in the manufacture of phosphorus, which gases contain impurities like water, and compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus. The gas is passed through regenerators for the purpose of removing impurities. In this manner, a product gas is obtained from which impurities have been condensed or frozen.

Abstract: To regenerate a physical solvent, loaded with sour gases, especially CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S, the loaded solvent is treated with a stripping gas and/or is expanded to separate absorbed CO.sub.2 and the resultant solvent is subjected to thermal regeneration to desorb H.sub.2 S. To reduce energy requirements during regeneration, the CO.sub.2 desorption is conducted on at least two different temperature levels, the second being for example 30.degree.-80.degree. C. higher than the first, with the first being conducted, e.g., at about those low temperatures conventional to low temperature absorption systems.

Abstract: For the separation of ethane and higher hydrocarbons from a high pressure incoming gas containing hydrocarbons, the raw gas is cooled and expanded in several stages and the condensates that are produced are fed to a rectifying column to provide an overhead gaseous product essentially consisting of methane and a bottoms product consisting essentially of ethane and higher hydrocarbons. To save energy, the raw gas and/or the product streams are heat exchanged in parallel streams under different pressures, the cooled high-pressure gas is work-expanded and the condensates produced by cooling and expansion are fed separately to the rectifying column.

Abstract: For the purification of hydrocarbon-containing, e.g., methane raw gases containing H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2, the raw gas is dried, and separated by rectification into a hydrocarbon-rich overhead fraction containing some H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 and into a bottom fraction consisting essentially of H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2. The overhead product is freed, in a first scrubbing column, of the acidic components with a physical acting scrubbing medium selective for H.sub.2 S and COS as against CO.sub.2, e.g., polyethylene glycol ether or toluene. The bottom product from the rectification step is vaporized and selectively desulfurized in a second scrubbing column with the same scrubbing medium, and the scrubbed gas from the second scrubbing column is discharged as CO.sub.2 under pressure.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous removal of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2 and elemental sulfur from gaseous mixtures, comprises treating the gaseous mixture with a solvent. After the solvent becomes loaded with the components to be removed, it is regenerated and reused. In order to obtain savings in costs and energy, the sulfur is separated from the loaded solvent by lowering the temperature thereof. In this way, chemical regeneration of the scrubbing medium takes place within the cycle eliminating the requirement for outside regenerating apparatus.

Abstract: In the removal of sour gases, H.sub.2 S in particular, from CO-containing gaseous mixtures containing heavy metal carbonyls by scrubbing under pressure at temperatures of below 0.degree. C. with a scrubbing medium, the scrubbing medium is regenerated by inter alia, being heated by means of heat exchangers, and such exchangers are normally fouled by precipitates of metal sulfides which owe their presence to the decomposition of the metal carbonyls to form reactive heavy metal which combines with sulfide ion. To avoid fouling of the heat exchangers, the CO partial pressure is increased during the heating of the loaded scrubbing medium, to above the partial pressure of the CO in equilibrium with the carbonyls in the scrubbing medium thereby preventing the decomposition of the carbonyls.

Abstract: In a system for the separation of sour gases especially hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from a raw gaseous mixture e.g., hydrogen-containing in order to form a purified gaseous mixture, comprising scrubbing the gaseous mixture in a first scrubbing stage with a physical scrubbing liquid e.g., methanol having a higher absorbability for hydrogen sulfide than for carbon dioxide, withdrawing from the scrubbing stage a first stream of scrubbing liquid loaded with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, and regenerating the loaded scrubbing liquid to form (a) a gaseous phase containing hydrogen sulfide, and (b) regenerated scrubbing liquid, the improvement of scrubbing said gaseous phase containing hydrogen sulfide in a second scrubbing stage with a stream of scrubbing liquid capable of absorbing additional H.sub.2 S, e.g., a CO.sub.2 -depleted stream from an H.sub.

Abstract: In the selective removal of sulfur compounds, e.g., H.sub.2 S, COS, from moist gaseous mixtures, comprising scrubbing the gaseous mixture in a column at a temperature below 0.degree. C., with toluene or xylene as the scrubbing liquid, and prior to the scrubbing stage, contacting the moist gaseous mixture with liquid methanol before the gaseous mixture is cooled to the scrubbing temperature, passing the scrubbing liquid containing absorbed sulfur compounds to a thermal regenerating column, and recycling resultant thermally regenerated scrubbing agent to the scrubbing stage, the improvement of maintaining a methanol concentration of above 2%, e.g. 3-8% to about 30% by weight in the scrubbing liquid to be recycled from the sump of the thermal regenerating column to the scrubbing column. This permits a lower reboiling temperature in the regenerating column so that low pressure steam can be used, among other advantages.

Abstract: In a process for separating and obtaining as product gases at least two gaseous components from a gaseous mixture containing same by scrubbing with a physical scrubbing liquid exhibiting a higher dissolving power for at least one of the components to be separated than for at least one other of these components, wherein a first scrubbing liquid stream, loaded with all of the components to be separated, and a second scrubbing liquid stream, merely containing proportions of the less soluble component or components, are withdrawn from the scrubbing stage; a gaseous fraction is liberated by expansion of the first scrubbing liquid stream, freed of the more soluble component or components by treatment with the second, likewise expanded scrubbing liquid stream and withdrawn as a first product stream; and the scrubbing liquid streams are finally subjected to a separation of the more soluble components as well as of residual proportions of the less soluble components, thus obtaining a second product gas, the improvemen

Abstract: A method for the recovery of a methane-rich natural gas from a natural gas containing, apart from methane, also hydrogen sulfide, carbondioxide, higher hydrocarbons and, in most cases, organosulfur compounds. According to the invention a hydrocarbon fraction of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and higher is naturally removed from the natural gas which is then subjected to a selective scrubbing for the removal of hydrogen sulfide with a regeneratable extraction, of scrubbing liquid. Next a C.sub.3 fraction is removed, the remaining gas being scrubbed with a second regeneratable washing agent, for the removal of carbondioxide to leave the methane-rich gas.