Abstract: The invention relates to a process for deactivating the inner surfaces of capillaries for capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary gel electrophoresis. The deactivation is effected by coating the inner surface with polar polymers which initially are water-soluble, whereupon the polymers are subsequently thermally fixed by a formation of water-insoluble polymers. The invention further relates to the capillaries thus produced and to the use thereof for the separation of oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gel filled silica capillaries of improved performance in electrophoresis are produced bya) leaching the capillary with a solution of a basic reagent;b) binding a substituted, double bond-containing silane to the silica surface of the capillary;c) binding an acrylamide to the treated surface and polymerizing the acrylamide to a linear polyacrylamide, eliminating electroosmotic flow and avoiding chemical bonding of the gel during its subsequent formation; andd) contacting the capillary with a solution of acrylamide/bisacrylamide and effecting crosslinking polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization starter to form a gel.

Abstract: The .gamma.-radiation initiated formation of a polyacrylamide gel for the simplified production of gel filled fused silica capillaries for capiliary gel electrophoresis. The performance and stability of such gel filled capillaries are as good as of those obtained by methods known in the art.

Abstract: An apparatus for conducting split sampling gas chromatography of a liquid sample comprisinga vaporization chamber to receive a needle of a syringe,a first tube to receive the needle,a second tube directly adjacent the first tube and running substantially along the entire length of the first tube, the second tube accommodating a downward flow of cooling gas,a third tube surrounding the first tube and the second tube, thereby creating a annular space between the third tube and the first tube, the annular space accommodating an upward flow of gas exiting the third tube.

Abstract: In the split sampling gas chromatographic process for analyzing a sample by introducing the needle of a syringe into the vaporization chamber of a gas chromatographic column, discharging a liquid sample from the syringe needle into the vaporization chamber, and passing the vapors of the sample through a chromatographic column along with a carrier gas, the improvement which comprises passing a cooling gas over the entire length of the syringe needle, thereby to cool the sample passing therethrough. The cooling may be effected by a flow of liquid or gaseous CO.sub.2, air or nitrogen through a tube which surrounds the needle over its length during introduction of the sample.