Abstract: A process for the preparation of alcohols by reaction of organic carbonyl compounds or mixtures containing them with hydrogen over a supported catalyst containing nickel, aluminum oxide, and zirconium dioxide at elevated temperature and, if appropriate, under elevated pressure. Ketones, aldehydes and derivatives thereof are reacted as the carbonyl compounds at temperatures of 60.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic preparation of alcohols or amines by reaction of esters, fatty acids, or nitriles with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure. The unreduced catalyst contains, per 100 parts by weight of CuO, 40 to 130 parts by weight of ZnO, 2 to 50 parts by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and optionally 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of oxide of Mn, Mo, V, Zr, and/or alkaline earth metal. It has a BET total area of 80 to 175 m.sup.2 /g of catalyst in the unreduced state, and 75% to 95% of the BET total area is formed by pores having a radius r.sub.p .ltoreq.15 nm.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of propanal, n-butanal, and i-butanal comprising contacting said aldehyde with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising in the reduced state25% to 50% by weight of metallic nickel10% to 35% by weight of nickel oxide4% to 12% by weight of magnesium oxide1% to 5% by weight of sodium oxidethe remainder being a water insoluble support material, wherein the total of said nickel and said nickel oxide is 40% to 70% by weight based on said catalyst, said catalyst having a total BET surface area of 80 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume, determined by mercury porosimetry, of 0,35 to 0.6 ml/g,said total volume consisting of 30% to 60% of said volume from pores having pore radii equal to or less than 40 .ANG., 4% to 10% of said volume from pores having pore radii from more than 40 .ANG. to 300 .ANG., and 30% to 60% of said volume from pores having pore radii from more than 300 .ANG. to 5000 .ANG..

Abstract: A copper oxide/zinc oxide/aluminum oxide catalyst which contains, per 100 parts of copper oxide, 40 to 130 parts zinc oxide, 2 to 50 parts aluminum oxide, and 1 to 4 parts soium oxide. It has a total BET surface area of 50 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, and 75% to 95% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of 9 to 1000 nm, and 5% to 25% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of less than 9 nm. The catalyst is useful for hydrogenation of various organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for catalytic preparation of alcohols or amines by reaction of esters, fatty acids, or nitriles with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure. The unreduced catalyst contains, per 100 parts by weight of CuO, 40 to 130 parts by weight of ZnO, 2 to 50 parts by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and optionally 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of oxide of Mn, Mo, V, Zr, and/or alkaline earth metal. It has a BET total area of 80 to 175 m.sup.2 /g of catalyst in the unreduced state, and 75% to 95% of the BET total area is formed by pores having a radius r.sub.p .ltoreq.15 nm.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst comprising 25 to 50% by weight of nickel (metallic) 10 to 35% by weight of nickel oxide 4 to 12% by weight of magnesium oxide 1 to 5% by weight of sodium oxide the remainder being a water-insoluble support material,wherein the total of nickel and nickel oxide is 40% to 70% by weight, and the catalyst has a surface area, determined by BET, of 80 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume of 0.35 to 0.6 ml/g. The total pore volume is made up of 30% to 60% by volume from pores having pore radii of .ltoreq.40 .ANG., 4% to 10% by volume from pores having pore radii of >40 to 300 .ANG., and 30% to 60% by volume from pores having pore radii of >300 to 5000 .ANG..

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alcohols by reaction of organic carbonyl compounds with hydrogen in two stages at elevated temperature and, optionally, elevated pressure. In the first stage, hydrogen and the carbonyl compounds are fed as a gas to a copper-containing catalyst and reacted to 80 to 99.5 percent of the theoretical conversion. In the second stage, the reaction product of the first stage is fed to a nickel/alumina/zirconium dioxide catalyst as a liquid, along with hydrogen. The carbonyl compounds used include aldehydes and their derivatives and, in particular, aliphatic unsaturated and saturated aldehydes.

Abstract: A copper oxide/zinc oxide/aluminium oxide catalyst which contains, per 100 parts of copper oxide, 40 to 130 parts zinc oxide, 2 to 50 parts aluminium oxide, and 1 to 4 parts soium oxide. It has a total BET surface area of 50 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, and 75% to 95% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of 9 to 1000 nm, and 5% to 25% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of less than 9 nm. The catalyst is useful for hydrogenation of various organic compounds.

Abstract: Supported catalysts containing nickel, magnesium oxide and, if desired, further additives, which contain reduced Mg and Ni in a molar ratio of (0.0075 to 0.075):1. The catalyst also have an active nickel metal surface area of 110 to 180 m.sup.2 /g of Ni, and a BET total surface area of 160 to 450 m.sup.2 /g. The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the catalysts and to their use as catalysts for the hydrogenation of aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of preparation of a cobalt catalyst particularly adapted for hydrogenation of nitriles, the catalyst which is the product of the method, and the method of use thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous metal nitrate solutions by dissolving the metal in nitric acid. The formation of ammonium nitrate is suppressed and the dissolution process is accelerated by adding nitrous acid or a substance which forms nitrous acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cobalt catalysts wherein an aqueous solution of a cobalt salt is reacted with a water soluble alkali metal carbonate in the first stage. Thereafter, the mass which has been precipitated is reduced with hydrogen at a temperature between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C. to form the catalyst. In a preferred form of the invention, the raw catalyst is subjected to treatment with nitrogen gas containing a small amount of oxygen, whereby the catalyst is stabilized.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound comprising precipitation from an aqueous solution of a mixture of nickel, aluminum, and zirconium salts by means of an aqueous precipitating solution. The latter contains an amount of a basic compound which is in stoichiometric excess of that required for complete precipitation of the salts. The precipitation is carried out at at least 60.degree. C. and a pH of 7 to 10. A catalyst which is the product of the foregoing process, as well as its use in the hydrogenation of nitriles, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, and/or olefins is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of a catalyst containing an oxide of a first metal selected from the transition metals of Group IV and a second metal selected from Group VIII of the periodic table. The reaction takes place at a reaction temperature of between about 250.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. and a reaction pressure of between about 10 and 30 bar.

Abstract: In a process for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons comprising catalytic conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon oxides and hydrogen, the improvement which comprises carrying out said conversion at a temperature of 250.degree. to 350.degree. C. and under a pressure of 10 to 30 bars, said catalyst comprising at least one difficultly reducible oxide of the transition metals of Groups V and/or VII of the Periodic Table combined with at least one metal of Group 8 of the Periodic Table.