Abstract: A process for electromagnetically casting molten material into a thin strip having a substantially constant thickness. An inductor is provided for electromagnetically shaping the molten material. The material is electromagnetically shaped into a strip having a desired thickness. Variations in the thickness of the molten material are automatically reduced during the shaping step by selecting the frequency of the current applied to the inductor so that the thickness of the strip is about 1.8 to about 2.6 current penetration depth.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field produced by a multi-turn inductor. The pitch or spacing of individual turns of the inductor is controlled to provide accurately varied electromagnetic pressure. The process includes the step of varying the distance between turns and/or the height of the individual turns to control the electromagnetic forces and balance the metallostatic pressure within the molten metal being cast.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field produced by a multi-turn inductor. The pitch or spacing of individual turns of the inductor is controlled to provide accurately varied electromagnetic pressure. The process includes the step of varying the distance between turns and/or the height of the individual turns to control the electromagnetic forces and balance the metallostatic pressure within the molten metal being cast.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field produced by a multi-turn inductor. The pitch or spacing of individual turns of the inductor is controlled to provide accurately varied electromagnetic pressure. The process includes the step of varying the distance between turns and/or the height of the individual turns to control the electromagnetic forces and balance the metallostatic pressure within the molten metal being cast.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of desired shape having portions of small radius of curvature. A modified shield is provided which provides for a reduction of the electromagnetic field intensity at the corners of the forming ingot by increasing local screening of the field at the corners. Increased local screening at the corners is achieved by locally increasing shield depth, by providing for deeper displacement of the shield, by changing the shield section, or by changing the shield orientation. Also disclosed is a modified inductor which is shaped so as to be located at a greater distance from the portions of small radius of curvature of the ingots than from portions of the ingots adjacent to the portions of small radius of curvature. The modified shield may be combined with the modified inductor and/or with a coolant manifold to simultaneously modify and control coolant application elevation such that the elevation is a minimum at the corners of the ingot.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided for electromagnetically forming a material into a desired thin strip shape. The apparatus and process includes a first portion containing a sump of said material in molten form. A second portion is located downstream of and communicates with the first portion. The second portion defines a containment zone of 5 mm or less for electromagnetically shaping the molten material into the thin strip shape whereby efficiency is improved through reduction of power consumption.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of desired shape having portions of small radius of curvature. A modified shield is provided which provides for a reduction of the electromagnetic field intensity at the corners of the forming ingot by increasing local screening of the field at the corners. Increased local screening at the corners is achieved by locally increasing shield depth, by providing for deeper displacement of the shield, by changing the shield section, or by changing the shield orientation. Also disclosed is a modified inductor which is shaped so as to be located at a greater distance from the portions of small radius of curvature of the ingots than from portions of the ingots adjacent to the portions of small radius of curvature. The modified shield may be combined with the modified inductor and/or with a coolant manifold to simultaneously modify and control coolant application elevation such that the elevation is a minimum at the corners of the ingot.

Abstract: A duplex impedance shield is disclosed which is used to effect improved shape control in the electromagnetic casting of molten metal or alloy. The shield is provided with a primary loop which substantially surrounds the upper portion of an electromagnetic casting station and a secondary loop attached thereto which serves to enlarge the air gap enclosed by the shield thereby increasing the impedance of the shield. The secondary loop of the shield may be provided with shunt means which can be manipulated to vary the inductance and/or the resistance of the shield thereby varying the impedance of the shield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of desired shape having portions of small radius of curvature. An open-ended container or hot-top having spaced internal baffles is placed before the electromagnetic induction station of the casting apparatus to provide desired metal flow patterns. Also disclosed is a downspout having nozzle portions which provide preferred directionality to supplied molten metal.

Abstract: A metal oxide threshold switch (MOTS, e.g., NbOx, x preferably fractionally ess than 2) series connected is used to sharpen the pulse rise to about one or less nanosecond, with a peak up to several kilovolts, and up to 100 amperes or more.

Abstract: A metal oxide threshold switch (MOTS, e.g., NbO.sub.x, x preferably fractally less than 2) series connected is used to sharpen the pulse rise to about one nanosecond, with a peak of thousands of volts, and up to 100 amperes or more. A trigger pulse is used to further sharpen the pulse and reduce jitter.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse supressor capable of attenuating both high and low requency electromagnetic pulses in coaxial transmission lines. The invention utilizes a gas ionization device in combination with a metal oxide device and a biased diode and is so constructed as to allow for differing response times in each, thereby preventing damage to the overall suppressor.