Abstract: The apparatus is for use with an electron microscope, a sample, a source of high pressure gas and a vacuum pump system. The apparatus includes a holder part a body part and a Joule-Thomson refrigerator. The holder part is adapted to receive the sample and adapted to present the sample to the microscope for inspection in use. The body part defines a cavity, the cavity being evacuated by the vacuum pump system for use. The refrigerator is disposed within the cavity and thermally-coupled to the holder part, the refrigerator being coupled in use to the source of high pressure gas to maintain the sample at about a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Parts of a pair, in use, are disposed in abutting relation to one another to define a cell for use with an electron microscope, the cell having, disposed on opposite surfaces thereof, a pair of windows, the windows being arranged in spaced relation to one another to define a viewable interior volume of the cell at a region of overlap. The spaced relation being determined by additional opposite surfaces with minimal contact area to warrant reproducible liquid thicknesses.

Abstract: Parts of a pair, in use, are disposed in abutting relation to one another to define a cell for use with an electron microscope, the cell having, disposed on opposite surfaces thereof, a pair of windows, the windows being arranged in spaced relation to one another to define a viewable interior volume of the cell at a region of overlap. A housing is adapted to receive one of the pair of parts and further adapted to define a chamber containing the one of the parts which chamber, in use, is evacuated. An arrangement is adapted, when the one of the parts is received by the housing and is in receipt of a sample and the chamber is evacuated, to position together the one of the pair of parts and the other of the pair of parts.

Abstract: A cell for use in a microscope has a pair of dies, the dies defining: a pair of slit-shaped windows disposed on opposite surfaces of the cell and arranged in perpendicular and spaced relation to one another to define a viewable volume interiorly of the cell at the region of overlap; a flow channel which includes the viewable volume and overlies and is substantially coterminous with one of the pair of slit-shaped windows; an elongate channel defined between the dies and leading towards the flow channel; and a conduit defined between the dies and coupling the elongate channel to the flow channel.

Abstract: The apparatus is for use with an electron microscope, a sample, a source of high pressure gas and a vacuum pump system. The apparatus includes a holder part a body part and a Joule-Thomson refrigerator. The holder part is adapted to receive the sample and adapted to present the sample to the microscope for inspection in use. The body part defines a cavity, the cavity being evacuated by die vacuum pump system for use. The refrigerator is disposed within the cavity and thermally-coupled to the holder part, the refrigerator being coupled in use to the source of high pressure gas to maintain the sample at about a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A cell for use in a microscope has a pair of dies, the dies defining: a pair of slit-shaped windows disposed on opposite surfaces of the cell and arranged in perpendicular and spaced relation to one another to define a viewable volume interiorly of the cell at the region of overlap; a flow channel which includes the viewable volume and overlies and is substantially coterminous with one of the pair of slit-shaped windows; an elongate channel defined between the dies and leading towards the flow channel; and a conduit defined between the dies and coupling the elongate channel to the flow channel.