Abstract: A retaining device for photo blanks, comprising a retaining member (1) with a supporting surface (3) for a photo blank (4) and a ground element (10) which can be brought into contact with an electroconductive layer (6) of said photo blank. The ground element is provided with a contact tip (15) which can be manipulated in such a way that it can be lowered substantially onto the photo blank (4) without any lateral movement in relation to said photo blank which is inserted into the retaining device.

Abstract: A method for adjusting and exposing the second level of a phase-shift mask includes the steps of depositing a thin conductive layer over a photoresist layer only on the alignment structures and their surroundings, and covering the chip structures exposed in the first step in a suitable way by a covering for the purpose of depositing the thin conductive layer. Grounding the thin conductive layer means that no charging of the substrate takes place during alignment by an electron-beam writer.

Abstract: A method for adjusting (aligning) a multilevel phase-shifting mask or a multilevel phase-shifting reticle with the aid of at least one alignment mark provided on the mask or the reticle includes the steps of applying or introducing at least two alignment marks onto or into the substrate of the mask or of the reticle in a first step before the first exposure step of the mask or of the reticle, in a second step, coating at least the alignment marks produced in the first step and the regions immediately surrounding them with a thin conducting layer, and, for all following alignment steps of the plurality of mask levels, raster-scanning these alignment marks applied in the first step with an uncharged or charged particle or photon beam.

Abstract: A method for adjusting and exposing the second level of a phase-shift mask includes the steps of depositing a thin conductive layer over a photoresist layer only on the alignment structures and their surroundings, and covering the chip structures exposed in the first step in a suitable way by a covering for the purpose of depositing the thin conductive layer. Grounding the thin conductive layer means that no charging of the substrate takes place during alignment by an electron-beam writer.

Abstract: A method for adjusting (aligning) a multilevel phase-shifting mask or a multilevel phase-shifting reticle with the aid of at least one alignment mark provided on the mask or the reticle includes the steps of applying or introducing at least two alignment marks onto or into the substrate of the mask or of the reticle in a first step before the first exposure step of the mask or of the reticle, in a second step, coating at least the alignment marks produced in the first step and the regions immediately surrounding them with a thin conducting layer, and, for all following alignment steps of the plurality of mask levels, raster-scanning these alignment marks applied in the first step with an uncharged or charged particle or photon beam.