Abstract: An apparatus for making glass in which a glass melt is refined in a vessel with oxygen is described. It includes a melt-containing vessel (10) having a refining region (3) for refinement of the glass melt and a noble metal member for producing oxygen in the melt. The noble metal member (40) has an outer side facing the glass melt and an inner side facing away from the glass melt washed with and acted on with oxygen. Oxygen-containing bubbles are vigorously generated on the outer side of the noble metal member facing the glass melt when the inner side is washed with the oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for making glass in which a glass melt is refined in a vessel with oxygen is described. It includes a melt-containing vessel (10) having a refining region (3) for refinement of the glass melt and a noble metal member for producing oxygen in the melt. The noble metal member (40) has an outer side facing the glass melt and an inner side facing away from the glass melt washed with and acted on with oxygen. Oxygen-containing bubbles are vigorously generated on the outer side of the noble metal member facing the glass melt when the inner side is washed with the oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for suppressing the formation of oxygen gas bubbles at the contact interface between a glass melt and a component of a glass melting arrangement with this component being made of a precious metal. This component is especially the precious metal lining of a feed channel. The characterization “precious metal” includes in this context: platinum, gold, rhenium, all other metals of the platinum group, the alloys of the above-mentioned metals and the above-mentioned metals and alloys in dispersion oxide enhanced form. The occurrence of gas bubbles at the phase boundary between precious metal and the glass melt has been known for some time without effective measures having been suggested up until now to improve significantly the quality and yield of the generated glass products, particularly because precious metal parts have to be arranged in the glass manufacture downstream of the usual purification devices with which gas bubbles can be removed from the melt.

Abstract: The method of electrochemical determination of oxygen partial pressure in ionic melts includes providing a metal/metal oxide reference electrode consisting of an electrode body made of a metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Hf, Nb and Ta and alloys thereof and a layer of an oxide of that metal on the electrode body; immersing a pure platinum electrode and the metal/metal oxide reference electrode in a glass melt; measuring a potential across the metal/metal oxide reference electrode and the pure platinum electrode immersed in the glass melt to obtain a measured potential characteristic of the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt; obtaining a calibration curve relating the potential across said reference electrode and the pure platinum electrode to the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt as a function of temperature; and obtaining the oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt from the measured potential and the calibration curve.

Abstract: A hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell includes an electrolyte which is solid at room temperature, has opposing faces, conducts protons, and is comprised of at least one of (a) at least one oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVB, VB, VIB, and VIII elements of the Periodic Table, (b) silicon dioxide, and (c) at least one fluoride of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IIA and IIIB elements of the Periodic Table. Also included are a hydrogen electrode which is applied to one face of the opposing faces of the electrolyte, is hydrogen permeable, and is negatively charged in use; and an oxygen electrode which is applied to another face of the opposing faces of the electrolyte, is hydrogen permeable, and is positively charged in use. A hydrogen-containing gas chamber is provided so as to be in communication with the hydrogen electrode; and an oxygen-containing gas chamber is provided so as to be in communication with the oxygen electrode.