Abstract: A fuel injection system having an air supply and a fuel injection spray valve furnishing an air-fuel mixture to an internal combustion engine has a fuel heating device for heating the fuel just prior to spraying from the valve to enhance fuel-air mixing, the heater having a housing comprising a pair of stiffly compressible housing elements clamped in sealing relation to each other for capturing a flat ceramic heating device of positive temperature coefficient of resistivity between the compressible housing elements, the elements each having a central opening and a spiral groove therein cooperating to form a chamber holding the heating device and for guiding fuel through the grooves in heat-transfer relation to the disc along spiral paths extending along each flat side of the heating disc, the housing having terminals sealed therein for electrically engaging opposite sides of the heating disc.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine of the injection type comprises a cylinder (1) which is provided with an inlet channel (4) with inlet valve (5). An inlet tube (2) with fuel injector (3) is fixed on this inlet channel. A heating element with a heat sink (11, 12), electrical resistance means (16) and current supply means (14, 17, 18, 20) projects into the inlet channel of the cylinder. In order to avoid cold spot problems, the heating element (11 to 16) is not fitted in a thermally insulated manner, and is integrated in a plate (6) which is clamped between the inlet tube (2) and the head of the cylinder (1). The electrical resistance means (16) are provided in a chamber (11) whose top face forms part of the heat sink. A cylindrically curved wall (12) preferably connects to the chamber (11) and is connected to this plate by means of material bridges (10).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic electrical choke, disposed inside the intake system of a gasoline engine, consisting of a bimetallic helical spring the movable end of which has an eyelet for operating the choke valve, while its second end is fastened on a fixed fastening element which is mounted inside a case, which fastening element has a ground connection and is connected electrically and thermally conducting with at least one electrical heating element with positive temperature coefficient, which is electrically connected to a current source.