Abstract: A process for the ammoxidation of a saturated or unsaturated or mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon to produce an unsaturated nitrile, said process comprising contacting the saturated or unsaturated or mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon with ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising molybdenum, vanadium, antimony, niobium, tellurium, optionally at least one element select from the group consisting of titanium, tin, germanium, zirconium, hafnium, and optionally at least one lanthanide selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. Such catalysts are characterized by very low levels of tellurium in the composition. Such catalyst compositions are effective for the gas-phase conversion of propane to acrylonitrile and isobutane to methacrylonitrile (via ammoxidation).

Abstract: Catalytic compositions and processes are disclosed for economical conversions of lower alkane hydrocarbons. Broadly, the present invention discloses solid promoter treated compositions containing mixed metal oxides that exhibit catalytic activity for ammoxidation of lower alkane hydrocarbons to produce an unsaturated nitrile in high yield. Generally, these solid oxide compositions comprise, as component elements, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) niobium (Nb) and at least one active element selected from the group consisting of the elements having the ability to form positive ions. Mixed metal oxide catalytic compositions advantageously are formed process steps comprising impregnation of a base catalyst with an aqueous medium comprising sources of one or more promoter element drying the resulting material; and thereafter subjecting the dried material to heat treatment, under a gaseous atmosphere that is substantially free of dioxygen, at elevated temperatures of at least 400° C.

Abstract: A process for the ammoxidation of a saturated or unsaturated or mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon to produce an unsaturated nitrile, said process comprising contacting the saturated or unsaturated or mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon with ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising molybdenum, vanadium, antimony, niobium, tellurium, optionally at least one element select from the group consisting of titanium, tin, germanium, zirconium, hafnium, and optionally at least one lanthanide selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. Such catalysts are characterized by very low levels of tellurium in the composition. Such catalyst compositions are effective for the gas-phase conversion of propane to acrylonitrile and isobutane to methacrylonitrile (via ammoxidation).

Abstract: A device for measuring the speed of a golf club has a pair of coils spaced a given distance apart with each of the coils forming an oscillating electro-magnetic field which are positioned to interrupt the course of the head of a golf club. When a golf club head successively passes through the first and second oscillating magnetic fields, the natural frequency of the combined fields is altered. A detector circuit including a phase locked loop detects the change in frequency as the club successively pass through the two fields and the time elapsed is measured by a clock and recorded in the memory of a microprocessor which uses the information, along with the given distance between the fields to calculate the speed of the club.

Abstract: A device for measuring the speed of a golf club has a pair of coils spaced a given distance apart with each of the coils forming an oscillating electro-magnetic field which are positioned to interrupt the course of the head of a golf club. When a golf club head successively passes through the first and second oscillating magnetic fields, the natural frequency of the combined fields is altered. A detector circuit including a phase locked loop detects the change in frequency as the club successively pass through the two fields and the time elapsed is measured by a clock and recorded in the memory of a microprocessor which uses the information, along with the given distance between the fields to calculate the speed of the club.

Abstract: The freshness of fresh brewed coffee is extended by adding an antioxidant to the coffee during the brewing process. The antioxidant may be added to the coffee grinds in the hopper, directly into the pot, or may be impregnated into a disposable paper filter fitted into the hopper to retain the grinds.

Abstract: Fresh coffee is transmissible to red light, but as the coffee becomes stale, the organic compounds degrade and the brew becomes less transmissible to the light. To monitor coffee freshness, a beam of light is passed through a transparent coffee pot and the transmissibility of the brew is displayed as a measure of freshness.

Abstract: A tin-containing composition is provided, the composition having a tin Auger line transition wherein the ratio of the area of the M.sub.5 N.sub.4,5 N.sub.4,5 transition peak at 424.5 eV.+-.1 eV, having a 6 eV FWHM, to the area of M.sub.4 N.sub.4,5 N.sub.4,5 transition peak at 430.5 eV.+-.1 eV is at least 10 to 1. Additional such tin-containing compositions, including catalyst compositions are also provided as are methods for converting feedstock alkanes containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons using such catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A tin-containing composition is provided, the composition having a tin Auger line transition wherein the ratio of the area of the M.sub.5 N.sub.4,5 N.sub.4,5 transition peak at 424.5 eV.+-.leV, having a 6 eV FWHM, to the area of M.sub.4 N.sub.4,5 N.sub.4,5 transition peak at 430.5 eV.+-.1eV is at least 10 to 1. Additional such tin-containing compositions, including catalyst compositions are also provided as are methods for converting feedstock alkanes containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons using such catalyst compositions.