Abstract: The invention is concerned with a batch method for obtaining crystallized lactose and arrangement configured for executing the method. The method comprises obtaining initially, from a lactose crystallization process, mother liquor and wash water generated in that process. The obtained mother liquor and wash water are collected and not discarded. Thereafter, the collected mother liquor and wash water are subjected to purification and concentration in a batch process contrary to the known continuous processes, performed independently of the lactose crystallization process. Aqueous solutions comprising lactose obtained as a result of the independent purification and concentration process accordingly, comprise reduced amounts of the impurities usually comprised in the by-products of the lactose crystallization process.

Abstract: A method of embolizing an area of treatment includes providing a composition that includes a radiopaque, non-biodegradable, water-insoluble iodinated benzyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) consisting of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) having covalently grafted thereon iodinated benzyl groups comprising from 1 to 4 iodine atoms per benzyl group as the only substituents wherein a grafted repeating unit has formula (I) wherein n is from 1 to 4: and introducing the composition into the area of treatment.

Abstract: A method of embolizing an area of treatment includes providing a composition that includes a radiopaque, non-biodegradable, water-insoluble iodinated benzyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) consisting of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) having covalently grafted thereon iodinated benzyl groups comprising from 1 to 4 iodine atoms per benzyl group as the only substituents wherein a grafted repeating unit has formula (I) wherein n is from 1 to 4: and introducing the composition into the area of treatment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a radiopaque, non-biodegradable, water-insoluble iodinated benzyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) consisting of a PVA having covalently grafted thereon iodinated benzyl groups comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group, a process for preparing the same comprising reacting a 0-100% hydrolyzed PVA with a iodinated benzyl derivative comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base in anhydrous conditions. Said iodo-benzylether-PVA is particularly useful as embolic agent in an injectable embolizing composition. The invention also concerns an injectable embolizing composition comprising said iodo-benzylether-PVA and capable of forming a cohesive mass upon contact with a body fluid by precipitation of the iodo-benzylether-PVA. Said injectable embolizing composition is particularly useful for forming in-situ a cohesive mass in a blood vessel or into a tumor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a radiopaque, non-biodegradable, water-insoluble iodinated benzyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) consisting of a PVA having covalently grafted thereon iodinated benzyl groups comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group, a process for preparing the same comprising reacting a 0-100% hydrolyzed PVA with a iodinated benzyl derivative comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base in anhydrous conditions. Said iodo-benzylether-PVA is particularly useful as embolic agent in an injectable embolizing composition. The invention also concerns an injectable embolizing composition comprising said iodo-benzylether-PVA and capable of forming a cohesive mass upon contact with a body fluid by precipitation of the iodo-benzylether-PVA. Said injectable embolizing composition is particularly useful for forming in-situ a cohesive mass in a blood vessel or into a tumor.