Abstract: A method for simulating object flows which move in an area, the method being based on cellular automata is improved in such a way that the simulation depicts the object flows as realistically as possible. It is further proposed that based on a desired speed of an object, the speed is lowered as the object density increases using a brake class table having a plurality of brake classes in such a way that a relationship between the object density and the object speed results according to a fundamental diagram. Thus, conventional methods for simulation of object flows are improved. The method is suitable in particular for flows of persons.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the simulation of object streams moving in an area based on cellular state machines can be improved such that the simulation maps the object streams as realistically as possible. It is also being proposed that the norm of a difference vector having direction of movement of an object and the direction of movement of a neighboring object is also incorporated as a weighting factor in a calculation of the object potential. Thus, conventional methods for the simulation of object streams are improved. The method and apparatus is particularly suitable for streams of people.

Abstract: Every year people die at mass events when the crowd gets out of control. Urbanization and the increasing popularity of mass events, from soccer games to religious celebrations, enforce this trend. Thus, there is a strong need to gain better control over crowd behavior. Simulation of pedestrian streams can help to achieve this goal. In order to be useful, crowd simulations must correctly reproduce real crowd behavior. This usually depends on the actual situation and a number of socio-cultural parameters. In other words, what ever model we come up with, it must be calibrated. Fundamental diagrams capture a large number of the socio-cultural characteristics in a very simple concept. Accordingly, a method to calibrate a pedestrian stream simulation tool is described to reproduce arbitrary fundamental diagrams (e.g. Waldmann diagram) with high accuracy. That is, it correctly reproduces a phenomenon (e.g. a given dependency of pedestrian speed on the crowd density).

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for identifying, measuring and assessing anomalies in the behaviour of streams of people or objects, anomalies are identified, measured and assessed reliably and in all of their possible forms. At least one group in a stream of people or objects is statically identified at a particular time, the group is observed in a time profile, the group speed is measured and the streams of people or objects are assessed using the group speed. Various methods for detecting the group speed and various cases for assessing the group speed are shown. The method and apparatus is suitable for observing object streams in order to prevent accidents, for example.

Abstract: In a method for simultaneous observation and analysis of a plurality of data sets, in particular from webcams or sensors published over the Internet, atypical situations can be detected from a plurality of data sets of mostly low quality by producing metadata that are investigated for critical structures. Moreover, atypical situations can be recognized by comparing actual object mass properties of a data set with the target object mass properties of a data set. In this way, for example, human crowds or masses in pedestrian zones, football stadiums or subway stations can be effectively monitored and the large number of freely available internet cameras can be utilized.

Abstract: A distribution system for providing data of at least one service between a first network unit and at least one second network unit over a communication network includes a receiver unit and a transmitter unit in the first network unit, and a processing unit in the first network unit. The processing unit is configured to compare a request to provide data of at least one service by the at least one second network unit with at least one stored policy, and to transmit the requested data of at least one service as a function of the comparison result to the at least one second network unit. The system includes further at least one memory unit configured to store the at least one policy and the data of a service.

Abstract: The invention solves the problem of congestion in routers and on links. The neighbors of an overloaded router are informed as soon as overload occurs. They are told to take actions in order to relieve the overloaded switch. Possible actions are described.