Abstract: An antifreeze and de-icing system containing a freezing point lowering chlorine containing inorganic substance like NaCl, MgCl.sub.2 or CaCl.sub.2 and admixed with the substance, a mixture of potassium carbonate and water soluble alkali silicate.

Abstract: Compressors of gas turbines are cleaned with a solution consisting of heteropolar-compound, wash active agents consisting of:at least one substance selected from the group which consists of polymers and copolymers of organic unsaturated acids with a molecular weight of at least 500 capable of forming the heteropolar compounds with an alkaline cationic, wash active agents; andat least one substance selected from the group which consists of nonionic wash active agents, in a compressor-cleaning effective concentration, the solutions in use having a metal ion content of less than 25 ppm and a pH value at said concentration between 6 and 8.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition and method for the detoxification and deacidification of soil threatened by acidic deposits which comprises at least one alkali-reactive component, selected from the group which consists of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium and ammonia compounds in soil neutralizing amounts and at least one water soluble pyrophosphate or polyphosphate capable of forming water insoluble salts with aluminum and heavy metals of a similar magnitude as the diphosphates.

Abstract: The compressors of gas turbines are cleaned on-line or off-line by scrubbing them with an aqueous solution of dimethyl esters of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid together with nonionic and/or cationic surface active agents. The scrubbing solution components are easily biodegradable or break down during the operation of the turbine without forming corrosives or environmentally harmful components.

Abstract: The freezing point of an aqueous system is lowered by adding to the system a freezing point lowering quantity of at least one and preferably two or more water soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids having at least three carbon atoms, specifically a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group which consists of adipic, glutaric, succinic and malonic acids, the salt being a sodium, potassium, ammonium or organoamine salt.