Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improved process control in metal smelting through measurement of off-gas profiles in real time. A tunable laser source is projected across a volume of off-gas and detected to provide a real time profile of gas concentrations. The real time gas concentration profile may be compared with known profiles to identify problems in the smelting process or to identify when the process is complete.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improved process control in metal smelting through measurement of off-gas profiles in real time. A tunable laser source is projected across a volume of off-gas and detected to provide a real time profile of gas concentrations. The real time gas concentration profile may be compared with known profiles to identify problems in the smelting process or to identify when the process is complete.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for improved process control in combustion applications, and particularly those relating to the steelmaking industry. An apparatus is provided for process control in a combustion application comprising a laser to transmit a near-infrared laser beam through off-gas produced by the combustion application, a detector to detect the transmitted laser beam and convert the detected laser beam to an electrical signal, and a control system for providing adjustment of select inputs to the combustion application in response to the electrical signal from the detector. The method of this invention comprises transmitting a near-infrared laser beam through off-gas produced by the combustion application, detecting the transmitted laser beam, and adjusting select inputs of the combustion application in response to the detected transmitted laser beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting transitions between different gas or liquid products in a flow path and, more particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method utilizing Raman spectroscopy for detecting transitions between petroleum products. A Raman spectrometer is preferably to produce a monochromatic excitation beam at a wavelength of approximately 670 nm. The spectrometer consists of an entrance slit, a combined diffraction grating/focussing element, and an exit slit. The Raman signal, which exits the spectrometer exit slit is detected by a highly sensitive photomultiplier tube, and sent to a computer device for data acquisition and analysis. The proposed invention detects liquid or gas products in a flow path by detecting the changes in the composition of various petroleum products flowing through a gasoline pipeline, by means of exposing samples of various petroleum products to the Raman spectrometer system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting transitions between different gas or liquid products in a flow path and, more particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method utilizing Raman spectroscopy for detecting transitions between petroleum products. A Raman spectrometer is preferably to produce a monochromatic excitation beam at a wavelength of approximately 670 nm. The spectrometer consists of an entrance slit, a combined diffraction grating/focussing element, and an exit slit. The Raman signal, which exits the spectrometer exit slit is detected by a highly sensitive photomultiplier tube, and sent to a computer device for data acquisition and analysis. The proposed invention detects liquid or gas products in a flow path by detecting the changes in the composition of various petroleum products flowing through a gasoline pipeline, by means of exposing samples of various petroleum products to the Raman spectrometer system.