Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first film and a second film defining parts of a trench, a plug conductive film, a via, and a wiring in the trench. The trench may include a second sub-trench having a second width below a first sub-trench having a first width. The plug conductive film may extend from a first side of the first film to penetrate a bottom face of the trench. An uppermost face of the plug conducive film may be in the trench. The via may include an insulating liner between the plug conductive film and the first film. The uppermost face of the plug conductive film and at least a part of a side wall of the plug conductive film may be in contact with the wiring. An upper face of the insulating liner may be exposed by a bottom face of the second sub-trench.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for processing a dialog based on processing instructing expression in a multi-modal environment and an apparatus therefor. The method for processing a dialog in an information processing device capable of processing digital signals includes the steps of: extracting an instructing expression from an inputted sentence; generating an intermediate instructing expression representing the modifying relations between the words constituting the extracted instructing expression; and searching the object corresponding with the intermediate instructing expression in a predetermined object search range. Thus, a terminal can be effectively and conveniently used without separately clarifying various instructing expressions representing things or objects with the terminal.

Abstract: A voice recognition device includes an extractor configured to extract at least one of a first utterance element indicating an execution command and a second utterance element indicating a subject, from a user's voice utterance, a domain determiner configured to determine a current domain to provide response information regarding the voice utterance based on the first and the second utterance elements, and a controller configured to determine a candidate conversation frame to provide the response information regarding the voice utterance on at least one of the current domain and a previous domain based on a conversation state of the current domain, wherein the previous domain is determined from a previous voice utterance of the user.

Abstract: A voice recognition apparatus and a method for providing response information are provided. The voice recognition apparatus according to the present disclosure includes an extractor configured to extract a first utterance element representing a user action and a second utterance element representing an object from a user's utterance voice signal; a domain determiner configured to detect an expansion domain related to the extracted first and second utterance elements based on a hierarchical domain model, and determine at least one candidate domain related to the detected expansion domain as a final domain; a communicator which performs communication with an external apparatus; and a controller configured to control the communicator to transmit information regarding the first and second utterance elements and information regarding the determined final domain.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for recognizing a statistical voice language using a statistical technique without using a manually tagged corpus. The method comprises: a dialog act clustering step of clustering speech utterances of sentences based on similar dialog acts; a named entity clustering step of extracting a named entity candidate group from the result of the dialog act clustering step and clustering named entities based on the neighboring contextual information of the extracted named entity candidate group; and a main act clustering step of clustering main acts for each region based on the clustered dialog acts and named entity.

Abstract: A knowledge-based service system, a knowledge-based service server, a method for providing a knowledge-based service, and a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium thereof, are provided. The knowledge-based service system includes a display apparatus configured to receive a query from a user, and a knowledge-based service server configured to receive the query from the display apparatus, determine whether a word that is included in the received query is at least one among an entity and an attribute, and transmit, to the display apparatus, an answer to the query based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: A method for correcting a preposition error and a device performing the same are provided. The method comprises the steps of normalizing input text by tagging the input text with part-of-speech information on words which form the input text; extracting a pattern indicating the structure of the input text on the basis of a preposition included in the nomalized input text; and correcting a preposition error included in the input text by matching an error pattern included in pre-constructed error pattern database and the extracted pattern. Therefore, the present invention can effectively correct a preposition error for a foreign language learner, and can precisely detect a preposition error of a foreign language learner, thereby enabling the foreign language learner to effectively learn grammar of a foreign language.

Abstract: A method for automatically generating a blank filling question comprises the steps of: selecting correct vocabulary words according to preset criteria from an input sentence; acquiring a plurality of first vocabulary words from a vocabulary word database such that a relationship between the selected correct vocabulary words and each vocabulary word in the vocabulary word database satisfies a preset first criterion; acquiring a plurality of first vocabulary words from among the plurality of first vocabulary words such that a relationship between the input sentence and each of the plurality of first vocabulary words satisfies a preset second criterion; and acquiring one or more viewing vocabulary words satisfying a preset third criterion from among the plurality of second vocabulary words by using a relationship between the plurality of second vocabulary words and the input sentence and a relationship between the plurality of second vocabulary words and the correct vocabulary words.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for providing analysis information on vowel reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a speech recognition error correction method and an apparatus thereof. The speech recognition error correction method includes determining a likelihood that a speech recognition result is erroneous, and if the likelihood that the speech recognition result is erroneous is higher than a predetermined standard, generating a parallel corpus according to whether the speech recognition result matches the correct answer corpus, generating a speech recognition model based on the parallel corpus, and correcting an erroneous speech recognition result based on the speech recognition model and the language model. Accordingly, speech recognition errors are corrected.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for processing a dialogue based on processing instructing expression in a multi-modal environment and an apparatus therefor. The method for processing a dialogue in an information processing device capable of processing digital signals includes the steps of: extracting an instructing expression from an inputted sentence; generating an intermediate instructing expression representing the modifying relations between the words constituting the extracted instructing expression; and searching the object corresponding with the intermediate instructing expression in a predetermined object search range. Thus, a terminal can be effectively and conveniently used without separately clarifying various instructing expressions representing things or objects with the terminal.

Abstract: A voice dialog system and a voice dialog method that generate and use humorous speech are disclosed. The voice dialog system includes a speech analysis unit that analyzes a user's intention by receiving user speech and converting the user speech into text, a humorous speech generation unit that generates humorous speech using a core word or an abbreviated word included in the user speech based on the user's intention, a chatting speech generation unit that generates chatting speech as a response corresponding to the user's intention, and a final speech selection unit that selects final speech from among the humorous speech and the chatting speech. Thus, a user is provided with humorous speech so that the user does not feel bored and has fun using the chatting dialog system.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for searching for information using the Web and a method for voice conversation using same involve generating a basic word vector for at least one of a provided user query and a language analysis result; using the basic word vector, searching a vector space database for a vector space corresponding to the basic word vector; searching, if a similarity between the basic word vector and the found vector space is lower than a preset reference, a vector space database for a vector space corresponding to an expanded word vector using the expanded word vector generated from the result of the Web search performed using at least one of the user query and the language analysis result; and searching for knowledge information on the basis of the vector space found in the basic searching step or the expanded searching step. Thus, improved research results may be provided in response to the user query.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for recognizing a statistical voice language using a statistical technique without using a manually tagged corpus. The method comprises: a dialog act clustering step of clustering speech utterances of sentences based on similar dialog acts; a named entity clustering step of extracting a named entity candidate group from the result of the dialog act clustering step and clustering named entities based on the neighboring contextual information of the extracted named entity candidate group; and a main act clustering step of clustering main acts for each region based on the clustered dialog acts and named entity.

Abstract: A voice recognition device includes an extractor configured to extract at least one of a first utterance element indicating an execution command and a second utterance element indicating a subject, from a user's voice utterance, a domain determiner configured to determine a current domain to provide response information regarding the voice utterance based on the first and the second utterance elements, and a controller configured to determine a candidate conversation frame to provide the response information regarding the voice utterance on at least one of the current domain and a previous domain based on a conversation state of the current domain, wherein the previous domain is determined from a previous voice utterance of the user.

Abstract: A server and method for correcting an error of a voice recognition result are provided. The method includes, in response to recognizing a user voice, determining a pattern of parts of speech of text data corresponding to the recognized user voice; comparing a prestored standard pattern of parts of speech with the pattern of parts of speech of text data; detecting an error region of the recognized user voice based on a result of the comparing; and correcting the text data corresponding to the detected error region.

Abstract: A voice recognition apparatus includes: an extractor configured to extract utterance elements from a user's uttered voice; an LSP converter configured to convert the extracted utterance elements into LSP formats; and a controller configured to determine whether an utterance element related to an OOV exists among the utterance elements converted into the LSP formats with reference to vocabulary list information including pre-registered vocabularies, and to determine an OOD area in which it is impossible to provide response information in response to the uttered voice, in response to determining that the utterance element related to the OOV exists. Accordingly, the voice recognition apparatus provides appropriate response information according to a user's intent by considering a variety of utterances and possibilities regarding a user's uttered voice.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for constructing an ontology for a dialogue system. The method for constructing an ontology for a dialogue system includes: generating a domain ontology plane based on intra-plane relation information of a domain defining a relationship between a plurality of domain nodes; generating a main act ontology plane based on intra-plane relation information of a main act defining a relationship between a plurality of main act nodes; and generating an entity name ontology plane based on intra-plane relation information of an entity name defining a relationship between a plurality of entity name nodes. Therefore, it is possible to construct multiple ontology planes and discriminate components of dialogue frames such as a domain, a main act and an entity name. Also, an effective system response can be performed by discriminating dialogue frames exactly using the multi ontology planes.

Abstract: A voice recognition apparatus and a method for providing response information are provided. The voice recognition apparatus according to the present disclosure includes an extractor configured to extract a first utterance element representing a user action and a second utterance element representing an object from a user's utterance voice signal; a domain determiner configured to detect an expansion domain related to the extracted first and second utterance elements based on a hierarchical domain model, and determine at least one candidate domain related to the detected expansion domain as a final domain; a communicator which performs communication with an external apparatus; and a controller configured to control the communicator to transmit information regarding the first and second utterance elements and information regarding the determined final domain.

Abstract: Disclosed are a speech recognition error correction method and an apparatus thereof. The speech recognition error correction method includes determining a likelihood that a speech recognition result is erroneous, and if the likelihood that the speech recognition result is erroneous is higher than a predetermined standard, generating a parallel corpus according to whether the speech recognition result matches the correct answer corpus, generating a speech recognition model based on the parallel corpus, and correcting an erroneous speech recognition result based on the speech recognition model and the language model. Accordingly, speech recognition errors are corrected.