Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a source node to transmit data to a destination node via a relay node. The method includes transmitting a first multi-user request-to-send (MU RTS) frame to the relay node, receiving a first clear-to-send (CTS) frame corresponding to the first MU RTS frame from the relay node, upon receiving the first CTS frame from the relay node, waiting for a first length of time that allows the relay node to transmit a second MU RTS frame to the destination node and receive a second CTS frame corresponding to the second MU RTS frame from the destination node, and after waiting for the first length of time, transmitting a data frame to the relay node that is to be relayed by the relay node to the destination node.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method performed by a source node to transmit data to a destination node via a relay node. The method includes transmitting a control frame to the relay node to indicate that the relay node is to turn on relay functionality and transmitting a data frame to the destination node via the relay node while relay functionality of the relay node is turned on. An embodiment is a method performed by a relay node to relay data transmitted by a source node to a destination node. The method includes receiving a control frame from the source node that indicates that the relay node is to turn on relay functionality, turning on relay functionality of the relay node responsive to receiving the control frame, and relaying a data frame transmitted by the source node to the destination node while relay functionality of the relay node is turned on.

Abstract: An embodiment is method performed by a sharing access point (AP) to initiate a non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT). The method includes transmitting a backhaul data PPDU that includes data intended for a station (STA) to a shared AP via a backhaul link and transmitting a NCJT sounding trigger frame to the shared AP via the backhaul link to cause the shared AP to participate in the NCJT, wherein the NCJT involves a plurality of APs, including the shared AP, transmitting NCJT PPDUs that include the data intended for the STA to the STA at different times.

Abstract: An octo mode program and erase operation method to reduce test time in a non-volatile memory device. M/8 word lines corresponding to an octo row, among M word lines, are simultaneously selected, and a write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row. A voltage that is different from the write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to the rest of word lines, except for M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row, when the octo signal is applied to an address decoder.

Abstract: A process data collection system includes a monitoring image reception unit configured to receive image data output onto the screen of an equipment monitoring system; a monitoring data extraction unit configured to extract monitoring data for equipment by analyzing the received image data; and a monitoring data transmission unit configured to transmit the extracted monitoring data to a process analysis system over a communication network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a semiconductor material, and more specifically, to an organic semiconductor thin film transistor having a vertical structure, a fusion device of an optical semiconductor material, and a method of manufacturing the same, provides a vertical organic transistor including a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a lower charge transport layer formed on the first electrode layer, a photosensitive layer formed on the lower charge transport layer, an upper charge transport layer formed on the photosensitive layer, a second electrode layer including a base electrode formed on the upper charge transport layer, a plurality of pinholes formed in the base electrode and configured to provide a movement path of charges, and a metal oxide layer surrounding a surface of the base electrode and the pinholes, an organic active layer formed on the second electrode layer, and a third electrode layer formed on the organic active layer.

Abstract: A device for controlling a faucet has a first and a second temperature sensors measuring temperatures of hot water and cold water, respectively, a heating tank heating the hot water supplied from a hot water pipe with a heater and storing heated water, a third temperature sensor measuring a temperature of the heated water, an electronic valve selecting two among the heated hot water, the cold water, and the hot water supplied from a hot water direct supplying pipe as a mixture target supply water based on a temperature of hot water measured by the first temperature sensor and a desired temperature set by a user, and discharging discharge water at a temperature corresponding to the desired temperature set by the user by controlling a mixing ratio of the mixture target supply water, a fourth temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the discharge water, a flow rate sensor measuring a flow rate of the discharge water, and a controller controlling the drive of the heater and the electric valve.

Abstract: A system for verifying artificial intelligence includes a sensing unit configured to receive process data from process equipment; a test data generation unit configured to generate test data by converting the process data; a simulation unit configured to read the test data and transmit the test data to the sensing unit in the same form as actual process data is transmitted; an abnormality determination unit configured to receive the test data transmitted from the simulation unit and determine whether there is an abnormality by using an artificial intelligence model; and an artificial intelligence verification unit configured to determine the adequacy of the artificial intelligence model by comparing the test data and the determination results of the abnormality determination unit.

Abstract: The faucet control device and method, and faucet are disclosed The faucet control device has a first and a second flow sensors measuring quantity of hot and cold water respectively, a first and a second temperature sensors measuring temperature of hot and cold water respectively, a heating tank heating hot water supplied from a hot water pile with a heater installed therein and storing heated water, a third temperature sensor measuring temperature of the heated water, a hot water direct supplying pipe outputting the hot water supplied from a hot water pipe, a electronic valve outputting mixed water by selectively mixing the heated water, the hot water and the cold water, and a controller controlling operation of the heater based on the temperature of the heated water and controlling opening amount of the electronic valve to make quantity and temperature of discharged water equal to target quantity and temperature.

Abstract: A photocatalyst device reducing the separation distance between a light source and a catalyst part while securing visible light illumination over the entire range of the catalyst part, reducing the package size, and increasing the amount of visible light irradiated to the catalyst part to enhance its photocatalytic reactivity. The photocatalyst device, generating a photocatalytic reaction and emitting superoxide radicals into internal flow path of air conditioning case to purify air blown into a vehicle passenger room along the internal flow path, includes a photocatalyst body with a light source part and a catalyst part installed on it, where catalyst part causes a photocatalytic reaction by light emitted from the light source part, and a light processing part processing the light emitted from the light source part so as to increase an irradiance rate of the light of the light source part with respect to the catalyst part.

Abstract: A vehicular air conditioning system includes an outdoor air sensor configured to detect outside of the vehicle. The outdoor air sensor includes a sensor body portion having a sensing portion and a terminal portion, a fixing portion installed integrally with the sensor body portion so as to fixedly assemble the sensor body portion to the vehicle body, and a correct assembly guide portion configured to guide the sensor body portion so that the sensor body portion can be correctly assembled to the vehicle body at a predetermined angular position when the sensor body portion is fixed and assembled to the vehicle body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery in which particle size uniformity and productivity may be improved by using three reactors, a method of preparing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery by using the above-prepared positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, and a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery which include the above-prepared positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus of measuring internal temperature and dust of a vehicle includes a main body unit provided with a main flow path including an inlet and an outlet configured to receive air and to discharge air therethrough, a fan motor unit provided in the main body unit and configured to forcibly blow indoor air of the vehicle through the main flow path, a temperature measuring unit configured to measure the internal temperature through the air drawn into the main flow path, as the fan motor unit is driven, and a dust sensing unit provided with a subsidiary flow path branching off from the main flow path, wherein the dust sensing unit is configured to allow a part of the air drawn into the main flow path to flow in the subsidiary flow path to determine a dust concentration in the air drawn into the subsidiary flow path.

Abstract: An octo mode program and erase operation method to reduce test time in a non-volatile memory device. M/8 word lines corresponding to an octo row, among M word lines, are simultaneously selected, and a write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row. A voltage that is different from the write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to the rest of word lines, except for M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row, when the octo signal is applied to an address decoder.

Abstract: The faucet control device and method, and faucet are disclosed The faucet control device has a first and a second flow sensors measuring quantity of hot and cold water respectively, a first and a second temperature sensors measuring temperature of hot and cold water respectively, a heating tank heating hot water supplied from a hot water pile with a heater installed therein and storing heated water, a third temperature sensor measuring temperature of the heated water, a hot water direct supplying pipe outputting the hot water supplied from a hot water pipe, a electronic valve outputting mixed water by selectively mixing the heated water, the hot water and the cold water, and a controller controlling operation of the heater based on the temperature of the heated water and controlling opening amount of the electronic valve to make quantity and temperature of discharged water equal to target quantity and temperature.

Abstract: Provided is a cell culture test device including a plurality of well units. Each of the well units includes a first inlet portion through which a first fluid is introduced, a first accommodation space communicating with the first inlet portion to accommodate a flow of the first fluid introduced through the first inlet portion, a second inlet portion through which a second fluid is introduced, and a second accommodation space in which the second fluid is accommodated. The second accommodation space accommodates an island structure connected with an island-connecting structure extending from the wall surface of the second accommodation space. A third inlet portion through which an antibiotic is loaded is formed above the island structure. The antibiotic loaded through the third inlet portion is fixedly accommodated on the inner and outer surfaces of the island structure.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-well-based rapid cell culture test device designed such that fluid films with a uniform thickness are formed. The rapid cell culture test device has an array structure of a plurality of aligned well units, each of which includes a first sub-well in which a first fluid is accommodated and a barrier structure surrounding the first sub-well to define the area of the first sub-well. A capillary channel recessed from the bottom surface of the first sub-well while traversing the bottom surface is formed to accommodate the first fluid and the barrier structure is divided into a barrier portion A located adjacent to one end of the capillary channel and a barrier portion B located adjacent to the other end of the capillary channel.

Abstract: Provided is a cell culture test device including a plurality of well units. Each of the well units includes an inlet portion through which a first fluid and a second fluid are introduced and a bottom portion including a first sub-well in which the first fluid is accommodated. A first stepped portion protrudes toward the center of the well unit along the circumference of the inner wall of the well unit such that the well unit has a lower portion whose inner width is smaller than that of an upper portion at the inlet portion side.

Abstract: An encapsulated structure for a quantum resistance standard according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base; an object disposed on the base and providing a measurement value of the quantum Hall resistance; two or more conductive lines connected to the object on one end; and a cap isolating the object from outside air.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-well-based cell culture test device having an array structure of a plurality of aligned well units. Each of the well units includes a first sub-well adapted to accommodate a first fluid, a second sub-well adapted to accommodate a second fluid, and a barrier located between the first sub-well and the second sub-well to partition the first sub-well and the second sub-well. The first sub-well has a recess in the depth direction with respect to its bottom to accommodate a solid thin film formed by solidifying the first fluid. The barrier has such a height that the first fluid does not overflow into the second sub-well when the first fluid is loaded into the first sub-well to fill the recess.