Abstract: An external release agent for lignocellulosic composite panels or wood panels comprising a suspension of one or more synthetic or natural clays wherein the suspension medium can be either aqueous or nonaqueous and wherein wood strands, wood chips, wood fibers, or wood powder or their mixtures are utilized as raw materials for panel production.

Abstract: The invention is a scrambler apparatus for scrambling a character block, in particular for cryptographic applications, which apparatus comprises a scrambler module (210) adapted for transforming a first character block (220a) consisting of first character components (225a) to a scrambled second character block (220b) consisting of second character components (225b), configured with a scrambler automaton (250), and each second character component (225b) is determined based on a first character component (225a) of the first character block (220a) having the position corresponding to the position of the given second character component (225b), at least one character component (225a, 225b) from the available character components (225a, 225b) of the first character block (220a) and the second character block (220b), and a single input signal character component (225c) of the input signal character block (220c). The invention is, furthermore, a scrambling method, a descrambler apparatus and a descrambling method.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a symmetric key stream cipher cryptographic method for encrypting plaintexts and decrypting ciphertexts during which process a text to be encrypted or an encrypted text is scanned with an input/output data buffer (5), a pseudo random number is created with a pseudo random number generator (8) with a seed (12), a key automaton (11) is used for encryption and/or decryption. It is characterized in that the procedure involves the method whereby using the characters of the text scanned by the input/output data buffer (5) and the pseudo random number generated by the pseudo random number generator (8), an element of the key automaton's (11) transition matrix is directly reached from the input/output data buffer (5); the procedure is then repeated. A symmetric key stream cipher cryptographic device for implementing the method of claim 1 is also the subject of the invention.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a symmetric key stream cipher cryptographic method for encrypting plaintexts and decrypting ciphertexts during which process a text to be encrypted or an encrypted text is scanned with an input/output data buffer (5), a pseudo random number is created with a pseudo random number generator (8) with a seed (12), a key automaton (11) is used for encryption and/or decryption. It is characterized in that the procedure involves the method whereby using the characters of the text scanned by the input/output data buffer (5) and the pseudo random number generated by the pseudo random number generator (8), an element of the key automaton's (11) transition matrix is directly reached from the input/output data buffer (5); the procedure is then repeated. A symmetric key stream cipher cryptographic device for implementing the method of claim 1 is also the subject of the invention.

Abstract: This method is designed to facilitate the well treatment with the possibilities for non-uniform/heterogeneous proppant placement in the extended and branched fractures produced by hydraulic fracturing. The essence of the method is to inject a proppant-bearing gel into the wellbore drilled into a productive formation. The low-viscosity fracturing fluid is injected into the wellbore together with the gel fluid (simultaneously or in turns). The method also provides for the injection of gas into the proppant-bearing gel and/or the low-viscosity fluid. The gas can be injected upstream of the junction point, at the junction point, or downstream of the junction point of the flows of the proppant-bearing gel and the low-viscosity fluid. The method further provides for the division of the gel fluid into the separate agglomerates with their subsequent injection into the fractures in the subterranean formation to form the proppant structures in the fracture.

Abstract: The invention is, firstly, a cryptographic apparatus for encrypting unencrypted data, comprising an input module for inputting the unencrypted data and an output module for outputting encrypted data, and a key automaton (44) adapted for converting the unencrypted data into the encrypted data, and the key automaton (44) is an composition of automata said composition of automata having a set of states and a set of input signals identical to each other and being implemented as a permutation automaton without output signals, said composition of automata comprises at least one factor automaton without output signals, each of the unencrypted data and the encrypted data has a character set identical to each other, and the set of states and the set of input signals, respectively, consist of blocks obtained from all possible combinations of said character set, wherein the blocks are of a predetermined block length. The invention is, furthermore, a cryptographic apparatus for decrypting encrypted data.

Abstract: The disclosure claimed herein relates to well systems for various fluids production, in particular, for production of fluids from hydrocarbon-containing formations using hydraulic fracturing process. According to the proposed method, injecting into well of fracturing fluid not containing proppant is performed to form a fracture in the formation, after which fracturing fluid is injected into the wellbore in pulse mode; the pulse mode provides at least one pulse of injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant, and at least one pulse of proppant-free fluid. Also, methods for fluid production and injection are proposed. Methods for fluids production, injection and recovery using hydraulic fracturing method are proposed. The proposed method increase the well lifetime due to reduced fluid flow impact on fracture walls and proppant clusters.

Abstract: This method is designed to facilitate the well treatment with the possibilities for non-uniform/heterogeneous proppant placement in the extended and branched fractures produced by hydraulic fracturing. The essence of the method is to inject a proppant-bearing gel into the wellbore drilled into a productive formation. The low-viscosity fracturing fluid is injected into the wellbore together with the gel fluid (simultaneously or in turns). The method also provides for the injection of gas into the proppant-bearing gel and/or the low-viscosity fluid. The gas can be injected upstream of the junction point, at the junction point, or downstream of the junction point of the flows of the proppant-bearing gel and the low-viscosity fluid. The method further provides for the division of the gel fluid into the separate agglomerates with their subsequent injection into the fractures in the subterranean formation to form the proppant structures in the fracture.

Abstract: A method of fluid testing includes pressurizing a fluid testing system, disposed at a subterranean location under high pressure compared to a surface pressure, to achieve a desired pressure differential between the high pressure and an internal pressure of the fluid testing system. The fluid testing system includes a capillary electrophoresis system and one or more test fluid reservoirs. The method also includes directing test fluid from the one or more test fluid reservoirs into capillaries to condition the capillaries. The method further includes directing sample fluid into the capillaries for testing while at the subterranean location.

Abstract: A method improves the capability for testing a fluid sample, e.g. testing a reservoir sample of hydrocarbon fluid. The methodology comprises positioning a capillary electrophoresis system within an enclosed chamber system. The enclosed chamber system preserves the desired downhole reservoir conditions during testing of the reservoir sample. In some applications, the reservoir sample is divided into a plurality of capillaries of the capillary electrophoresis system to enable testing of the reservoir sample with different types of detectors in one capillary electrophoresis system. The method can also be applied to depressurized reservoir samples.

Abstract: Methods of selection of materials that are used as a proppant for HPP fracturing treatments, also the procedure for the design of HPP treatment.

Abstract: Methods of strengthening a proppant pack and resulting proppant pillar from both the inside and outside are described. Embodiments various additives to facilitate proppant/proppant interaction and modifying proppant surface to facilitate proppant interaction. Embodiments also include the use of protective coatings, some of which have embedded fibers or chemical moieties to divert flow from pillar.

Abstract: An apparatus (and method) for characterizing interfacial tension between a non-wetting phase fluid and a wetting phase fluid of a slug flow employs a capillary structure that is configured to contain a slug of the non-wetting phase fluid of the slug flow. The slug has a leading edge meniscus and a trailing edge meniscus, and the capillary structure has a venturi-like section. A pressure sensor is configured to measure differential pressure between first and second locations of the capillary structure. The first location is disposed upstream of the leading edge meniscus of the slug with the leading edge meniscus of the slug contained within the venturi-like section. The second location is disposed downstream of the trailing edge meniscus of the slug. Data processing means is configured to derive a measure of interfacial tension based upon the differential pressure measured by the pressure sensor and, optionally, geometry of the capillary structure.

Abstract: The invention is, firstly, a cryptographic apparatus for encrypting unencrypted data, comprising an input module for inputting the unencrypted data and an output module for outputting encrypted data, and a key automaton (44) adapted for converting the unencrypted data into the encrypted data, and the key automaton (44) is an composition of automata said composition of automata having a set of states and a set of input signals identical to each other and being implemented as a permutation automaton without output signals, said composition of automata comprises at least one factor automaton without output signals, each of the unencrypted data and the encrypted data has a character set identical to each other, and the set of states and the set of input signals, respectively, consist of blocks obtained from all possible combinations of said character set, wherein the blocks are of a predetermined block length. The invention is, furthermore, a cryptographic apparatus for decrypting encrypted data.

Abstract: The disclosure claimed herein relates to well systems for various fluids production, in particular, for production of fluids from hydrocarbon-containing formations using hydraulic fracturing process. According to the proposed method, injecting into well of fracturing fluid not containing proppant is performed to form a fracture in the formation, after which fracturing fluid is injected into the wellbore in pulse mode; the pulse mode provides at least one pulse of injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant, and at least one pulse of proppant-free fluid. Also, methods for fluid production and injection are proposed. Methods for fluids production, injection and recovery using hydraulic fracturing method are proposed. The proposed method increase the well lifetime due to reduced fluid flow impact on fracture walls and proppant clusters.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating at least a portion of a subterranean formation. The method includes introducing a treatment fluid including a composite particle, which includes proppant incorporated into or attached to a swellable material and/or swellable materials, into a subterranean formation via a wellbore; and increasing the buoyancy of the composite particle including proppant by either mixing it with a treatment fluid or mixing it with a treatment fluid and triggering the swellable material and/or swellable materials to swell.

Abstract: A technique facilitates a well treatment, such as a well stimulation. The technique comprises injecting a gel containing proppant into a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation. Additionally, a low viscosity fluid is injected into the wellbore with the gel either simultaneously or separately. An additive or additives may be used to maintain the gel in the low viscosity fluid. The technique further comprises separating the gel into slugs and then causing the slugs to flow into fractures in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A system and methodology enables improved quantification of an organic material, e.g. oil, in a sample. The technique comprises adding a substance to a two-phase sample containing the organic material and water. The substance is mixed through the sample until the constituents of the sample are solubilized to create an optically clear mixture. An optical technique is employed with respect to the optically clear mixture to quantitatively analyze the organic material in the sample.

Abstract: Treatment fluids and methods for treating a subterranean formation are disclosed that include introducing a treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, the treatment fluid containing temporarily inactive cellulose nanoparticles.

Abstract: A methodology and system determine properties of a sample substance, such as a liquid/foam used to control sweep homogeneity problems in an earth formation. The methodology and system utilize a core of formation simulation material placed in a container. An injection system is coupled to the container and enables placement of both the sample substance and an injection fluid into the container. The injection fluid is injected under pressure and moves the sample substance through the core. A data acquisition system is employed to measure parameters such as pressure differentials along the core as the sample substance propagates through the formation simulation material. The pressure differentials may be evaluated over time by the data acquisition system to determine fluid breakthrough properties of the sample substance.