Abstract: The PWM signal corresponding to the at least one switch is output by reducing the output frequency of the PWM signal to be lower than that of the pervious PWM signal output immediately before the output of the PWM signal so as to prevent overheating during the on/off operation of the at least one switch corresponding to the at least one battery cell so that the at least one switch may perform the cell balancing function without being overheated and thus a voltage and current of a noise component during on/off switching of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) may be reduced to prevent overheating of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) and other circuit components (e.g., a capacitor, etc.) near the switch due to the voltage and current of the noise component, thereby preventing a malfunction of the battery management system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sorting and suppling apparatus for a plurality of packaging products, wherein the supply apparatus includes a defect sorting unit which transfers products in a non-defective product transfer direction or a defective product transfer direction and supplies the non-defective products to a shortage supplement unit, and a shortage supplement unit which is formed on a front side of the defect sorting unit and drives a driving motor to move the plurality of packaging products, which are on a supplement conveyor, in a supplement direction so as to supplement products with as many products as the number of sorted and separated defective products.

Abstract: The PWM signal corresponding to the at least one switch is output by reducing the output frequency of the PWM signal to be lower than that of the pervious PWM signal output immediately before the output of the PWM signal so as to prevent overheating during the on/off operation of the at least one switch corresponding to the at least one battery cell so that the at least one switch may perform the cell balancing function without being overheated and thus a voltage and current of a noise component during on/off switching of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) may be reduced to prevent overheating of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) and other circuit components (e.g., a capacitor, etc.) near the switch due to the voltage and current of the noise component, thereby preventing a malfunction of the battery management system.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer apparatus using a star wheel. The transfer apparatus using a star wheel includes a rotating body axially rotated by a rotating motor, a rotating column connected to the rotating body to axially rotate on a base, a star wheel which is connected to the rotating column to axially rotate and in which a plurality of rotating protrusion are spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals along an entire circumferential surface in a circumferential direction to form transfer grooves and a connecting unit which connects the rotating body and the rotating column, and the rotating column of the rotating body is simply connected to the star wheel by an engagement structure including a protrusion and a recess.