Abstract: A virtual traffic line generation apparatus and a method thereof are provided. The virtual traffic line generation apparatus includes a controller that determines reliability of a traffic line detected for each frame and generates a virtual traffic line based on a traffic line with the highest reliability among traffic lines detected in a previous frame when the traffic line is not detected and a storage storing the reliability of the traffic line for each frame.

Abstract: A battery pack is advantageous for effective control and maintenance of thermal events. A battery pack according to one aspect of the present disclosure may include a battery module having one or more battery cells; a fire extinguishing tank holding a fire extinguishing liquid, disposed on top of the battery module and having a through hole formed therein; and a cover member installed in the through hole of the fire extinguishing tank and configured to open or close the through hole according to a change in internal pressure of the fire extinguishing tank.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for controlling driving of a vehicle. The apparatus for controlling driving of the vehicle includes a controller that recognizes a double traffic line on a road on which the vehicle travels, generates a virtual center line between an inside line and an outside line of the double traffic line, and controls driving of the vehicle based on the virtual center line, and an output device that outputs the virtual center line.

Abstract: A virtual traffic line generation apparatus and a method thereof are provided. The virtual traffic line generation apparatus includes a controller that determines reliability of a traffic line detected for each frame and generates a virtual traffic line based on a traffic line with the highest reliability among traffic lines detected in a previous frame when the traffic line is not detected and a storage storing the reliability of the traffic line for each frame.

Abstract: A method of controlling a tailgate using a rear-view camera in a vehicle includes: supplying power to an electric device or an accessory of the vehicle, switching the rear-view camera to a switch mode if the vehicle is in a predetermined state, confirming whether or not brightness of an image captured by the rear-view camera becomes lower than a predetermined range for a predetermined time, confirming a change of brightness of the image using at least one tail lamp or another lamp installed adjacent to the rear-view camera if the brightness of the image becomes lower than the predetermined range for the predetermined time, and opening the tailgate if there is no change of brightness of the image.

Abstract: An emergency braking system is provided and brakes a vehicle by more efficiently predicting forward collision. The emergency braking system includes an imaging device that identifies a forward obstacle and a sensor that senses an external environment and a driving state of a vehicle. A controller determines a road on which the vehicle is driven, determines a current driving environment case among a plurality of driving environment cases, using external environment information and road information and learns a driving pattern for the current driving environment case, using obstacle information and driving state information. Additionally, the controller variably adjusts warning and braking intervention timings using the learned driving pattern according to the driving environment cases.

Abstract: A method for paging in a wireless access system is provided. A method for paging a mobile station of an idle mode includes allocating large paging group identifier and small paging group identifier of a paging group to which the mobile station belongs to a header; allocating a large paging group flag and a small paging group flag to the header, the large paging group flag and the small paging group flag indicating the presence of a paging message for the mobile station; and transmitting the header to the mobile station of the idle mode.

Abstract: A method for paging in a wireless access system is provided. A method for paging a mobile station of an idle mode includes allocating large paging group identifier and small paging group identifier of a paging group to which the mobile station belongs to a header; allocating a large paging group flag and a small paging group flag to the header, the large paging group flag and the small paging group flag indicating the presence of a paging message for the mobile station; and transmitting the header to the mobile station of the idle mode.

Abstract: A method of controlling a tailgate using a rear-view camera in a vehicle includes: supplying power to an electric device or an accessory of the vehicle, switching the rear-view camera to a switch mode if the vehicle is in a predetermined state, confirming whether or not brightness of an image captured by the rear-view camera becomes lower than a predetermined range for a predetermined time, confirming a change of brightness of the image using at least one tail lamp or another lamp installed adjacent to the rear-view camera if the brightness of the image becomes lower than the predetermined range for the predetermined time, and opening the tailgate if there is no change of brightness of the image.

Abstract: An emergency braking system is provided and brakes a vehicle by more efficiently predicting forward collision. The emergency braking system includes an imaging device that identifies a forward obstacle and a sensor that senses an external environment and a driving state of a vehicle. A controller determines a road on which the vehicle is driven, determines a current driving environment case among a plurality of driving environment cases, using external environment information and road information and learns a driving pattern for the current driving environment case, using obstacle information and driving state information. Additionally, the controller variably adjusts warning and braking intervention timings using the learned driving pattern according to the driving environment cases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining whether a machine-to-machine group identifier (MGID) for identifying a multicast service flow is supported in a wireless access system that supports machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, wherein the multicast service flow is shared by a group of M2M terminals within an M2M group zone that is allocated to the terminals. The method comprises the steps of: receiving from the first base station M2M group zone information of the first base station and neighboring base stations; receiving from the second base station system information of the second base station; and determining whether the MGID that is received from the first base station is supported by the second base station by comparing the system information of the second base station and the M2M group zone information on the neighboring base stations.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for ranging in a wireless communication system. A machine-to-machine (M2M) device receives an advanced air interface-system configuration descriptor (AAI-SCD) message including information on a dedicated ranging channel for the M2M device and an M2M parameter change count from a base station, and attempts ranging through the dedicated ranging channel to the base station. At this point, the M2M parameter change count orders information on the dedicated ranging channel in the AAI-SCD message to change.

Abstract: A method and device for performing a dedicated ranging for Machine To Machine (M2M) communication is provided. A M2M device receives a paging message indicating a dedicated ranging channel allocation from a base station. The dedicated ranging channel allocation is valid within a dedicated channel allocation timer.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for monitoring a paging message in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. An M2M device receives a paging setup for initiating an idle mode from a base station. The paging setup includes information indicating a paging cycle, a first paging offset, and a second paging offset. In the idle mode, the M2M device monitors the transmission of a paging message at the first paging offset of the paging cycle. If the paging message is not received at the first paging offset, the M2M device monitors the transmission of the paging message at the second paging offset of the paging cycle.

Abstract: A method for efficiently updating system information of a base station at a relay station of a broadband wireless access system and an apparatus for performing the method are disclosed. The method for updating system information of an advanced base station (ABS) at an advanced relay station (ARS) of a broadband wireless access system comprises receiving a first message, which includes changed information of the system information of the base station, from the base station; transmitting a second message for acknowledgment of the first message to the base station; and performing application for the changed information.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for M2M (Machine To Machine) communication. A M2M device receives a DSA (dynamic service addition) message from a base station, and the DSA message includes an MGID (M2M Group identifier) related to an M2M multicast service. The M2M device receives a paging advertisement (PAG-ADV) message from the base station in an idle mode, and the PAG-ADV message includes the MGID and an action code directing a location update performance. The M2M device transmits a ranging request (RNG-REQ) from the base station to perform a location update.

Abstract: A method and device for operating in an idle mode for Machine To Machine (M2M) communication are provided. A M2M device receives a paging message from a base station. The paging message includes a M2M group identifier that identifies a M2M group to which the M2M device belongs. The M2M device monitors an uplink resource allocation beginning from an offset during a monitoring duration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless access system, and more particularly, to a method for saving power of a femto base station. The present invention includes obtaining reference synchronization information used in a prescribed area to enable a first femto base station to perform a sleep mode operation, shifting to a sleep mode if a mobile station does not exist within the first femto base station, and enabling the first femto base station to be synchronized with at least one second femto base station belonging to the prescribed area using the reference synchronization information, wherein each of the femto base stations included in the prescribed area achieves synchronization of the sleep mode operation using the reference synchronization information. Accordingly, it is able to minimize power consumption of a femto base station and interference with a macro cell in a wireless access system supporting a femtocell. And, a mobile station within a femtocell is able to perform reliable communications.

Abstract: Provided are a method for performing a position update in machine to machine (M2M) communication, and an apparatus using the method. In an idle mode, an M2M apparatus receives a paging message from a base station. The paging message comprises an action code, a network access type, and a resource offset. The action code is an indication for the M2M apparatus to perform a position update; the network access type is an indication for the allocation of resources for a ranging request; and the resource offset is an indication for an offset for uplink allocation. The M2M apparatus transmits the ranging request message to the base station by means of the uplink allocation.

Abstract: The methods and an apparatuses for scanning in WLAN are disclosed. A method of a scanning of a station (STA) may include monitoring a channel during a probedelay based on a MAC sublayer management entity (MLME)-SCAN.request primitive indicating an active scanning for a target Access Point (AP), receiving a frame including a channel congestion indicator from an AP during the probedelay, generating a MLME-SCAN.change request primitive to request a change of a scanning type parameter included in the MLME-SCAN.request primitive when the channel congestion indicator indicates that the channel is congested, generating a MLME-SCAN.change confirm primitive to confirm the change of the scanning type parameter included in the MLME-SCAN.request primitive as a response of the MLME-SCAN.change request primitive, and performing a passive scanning for the target AP based on the MLME-SCAN.change confirm primitive.