Abstract: Provided a two-dimensional photonic crystal device in which are inserted three waveguides and one resonant cavity by the creation of linear and local defects. Due to the photonic band gap related to the photonic crystal, electromagnetic signals are confined to the interior of waveguides and resonant cavity. By exciting dipole modes in the resonant cavity, with orientation that depends on the intensity of the applied DC magnetic field, the present circulator device can provide the nonreciprocal transmission of signals in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. It can fulfill the isolation function and it is fork-shaped, providing greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical communication systems.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal where are inserted defects that originate two waveguides and one resonant cavity. An electromagnetic signal that crosses the device is confined in the interior of the defects, due to the photonic band gap associated with the periodic structure that surrounds it. Its main function is the control of the flux of an electromagnetic signal over a communication channel, blocking (state off) or allowing (state on) the passage of the signal. It also promotes the change in the propagation direction of an electromagnetic signal by an angle of 120 degrees, providing greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical systems. The working principle of the device is based on the excitation of dipole modes in its resonant cavity, accordingly to the application of an external DC magnetic field on the magneto-optical material that constitutes it. In states on and off the magneto-optical material is magnetized and nonmagnetized, respectively.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal formed of a square lattice of dielectric rods immersed in air, in which are inserted, in a controlled manner, defects that originate three waveguides and one resonant cavity. The cavity is formed of a ferrite cylinder with magneto-optical properties, and by two dielectric cylinders located near to the ferrite cylinder. It has the function of transmitting electromagnetic signals in a desired direction (clockwise or counterclockwise), defined by the sign of an external DC magnetic field H0.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal in which are inserted four waveguides and a resonant cavity. Owing to the existence of the photonic band gap, an electromagnetic signal propagating through the device is confined within the guides and the cavity and, through the adjustment of the orientation of a dipole mode generated within the cavity, is able to function in three distinct regimes. In regime 1, subjected to an external DC magnetic field +H0, it functions as a two-way divider, with isolation of the input relative to the two outputs, and, upon reversal of the field signal, it functions as an optical key. In regime 2, with the use of a DC magnetic field ?H0, it functions as a waveguide bender, with the input isolated from the output, and, upon reversal of the field signal, functions as an optical key. In regime 3, subject to the application of an external DC magnetic field +H1, the device functions as a three-way divider.

Abstract: Provided a two-dimensional photonic crystal device in which are inserted three waveguides and one resonant cavity by the creation of linear and local defects. Due to the photonic band gap related to the photonic crystal, electromagnetic signals are confined to the interior of waveguides and resonant cavity. By exciting dipole modes in the resonant cavity, with orientation that depends on the intensity of the applied DC magnetic field, the present circulator device can provide the nonreciprocal transmission of signals in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. It can fulfill the isolation function and it is fork-shaped, providing greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical communication systems.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal formed composed of a square lattice of dielectric rods immersed in air, in which are inserted, in a controlled manner, defects that originate three waveguides and one resonant cavity. The cavity is formed of a ferrite cylinder with magneto-optical properties, and by two dielectric cylinders located near to the ferrite cylinder. It has the function of transmitting electromagnetic signals in a desired direction (clockwise or counterclockwise), defined by the sign of an external DC magnetic field H0.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which defects are inserted in a controlled manner, has the main function of division of the power of an input signal, excited in one of its six waveguides, among other three waveguides (output ones), while keeping isolation of the input port by means of two other waveguides. The operating principle of the device is based on the alignment of a dipole mode excited in the resonant cavity, in such a way that the nodes of this mode are oriented in the direction of two waveguides, so that these waveguides are not excited. Due to this alignment, each of the three output waveguides receive about one third of the power of input signal. The orientation of dipole mode is controlled by the applied DC magnetic field and the physical and geometrical parameters of the resonator.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which are inserted, in a controlled manner, defects that originate the waveguides and the resonant cavity that integrate the device. Its main function is to provide the control of the passage of an electromagnetic signal over a communications channel, blocking (state off) or allowing (state on) the passage of the signal. It also has the function of changing the propagation direction of an electromagnetic signal by an angle of 60 degrees, offering greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical systems. The operating principle of the device is associated with the excitation of dipole modes in the resonant cavity, which is based on a magneto-optical material.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal in which are inserted four waveguides and a resonant cavity. Owing to the existence of the photonic band gap, an electromagnetic signal propagating through the device is confined within the guides and the cavity and, through the adjustment of the orientation of a dipole mode generated within the cavity, is able to function in three distinct regimes. In regime 1, subjected to an external DC magnetic field +H0, it functions as a two-way divider, with isolation of the input relative to the two outputs, and, upon reversal of the field signal, it functions as an optical key. In regime 2, with the use of a DC magnetic field ?H0, it functions as a waveguide bender, with the input isolated from the output, and, upon reversal of the field signal, functions as an optical key. In regime 3, subject to the application of an external DC magnetic field +H1, the device functions as a three-way divider.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal where are inserted defects that originate two waveguides and one resonant cavity. An electromagnetic signal that crosses the device is confined in the interior of the defects, due to the photonic band gap associated with the periodic structure that surrounds it. Its main function is the control of the flux of an electromagnetic signal over a communication channel, blocking (state off) or allowing (state on) the passage of the signal. It also promotes the change in the propagation direction of an electromagnetic signal by an angle of 120 degrees, providing greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical systems. The working principle of the device is based on the excitation of dipole modes in its resonant cavity, accordingly to the application of an external DC magnetic field on the magneto-optical material that constitutes it. In states on and off the magneto-optical material is magnetized and nonmagnetized, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which are inserted, in a controlled manner, defects that originate the waveguides and the resonant cavity that integrate the device. Its main function is to provide the control of the passage of an electromagnetic signal over a communications channel, blocking (state off) or allowing (state on) the passage of the signal. It also has the function of changing the propagation direction of an electromagnetic signal by an angle of 60 degrees, offering greater flexibility in the design of integrated optical systems. The operating principle of the device is associated with the excitation of dipole modes in the resonant cavity, which is based on a magneto-optical material.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which defects are inserted in a controlled manner, has the main function of division of the power of an input signal, excited in one of its six waveguides, among other three waveguides (output ones), while keeping isolation of the input port by means of two other waveguides. The operating principle of the device is based on the alignment of a dipole mode excited in the resonant cavity, in such a way that the nodes of this mode are oriented in the direction of two waveguides, so that these waveguides are not excited. Due to this alignment, each of the three output waveguides receive about one third of the power of input signal. The orientation of dipole mode is controlled by the applied DC magnetic field and the physical and geometrical parameters of the resonator.