Abstract: A dielectric polarizer for electromagnetic applications, includes: a monolithic body of Dk material having a plurality of linear elongated ribs disposed parallel with each other; wherein each rib of the plurality of linear elongated ribs has a cross section x-z profile relative to an orthogonal X-Y-Z coordinate system; wherein the Y-direction of the coordinate system is oriented in a direction of elongation of the plurality of linear elongated ribs; wherein the Z-direction of the coordinate system is oriented in a direction of propagation of an EM wave through the uniformly spaced apart plurality of linear elongated ribs; wherein the monolithic body has an overall thickness dimension, T, aligned in the Z-direction, that extends from a first side to a second side of the body; wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of linear elongated ribs are monolithically connected to each other by a plurality of connecting bridges.

Abstract: A dielectric structure useful for shaping electromagnetic, EM, phase wavefronts, includes: a body having a monolithic construct; the body having a height dimension, H, from a proximal end to a distal end equal to or less than 60% of an overall outside dimension, D, of the body at the distal end, the distal end being disposed a distance away from the proximal end along a z-axis of an orthogonal x-y-z coordinate system, the distal end forming an electromagnetic aperture of the structure; the body having a sidewall between the proximal end and the distal end that forms and defines an interior cavity that is open at the proximal end, and closed at the distal end, the sidewall having a plurality of structural disruptions around an enclosing boundary of the interior cavity, the plurality of structural disruptions disposed and configured to reduce electromagnetic reflections.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes: a substrate having an elongated aperture having an overall length, L, and an overall width, W, as observed in a plan view of the device, where L>W; a dielectric medium having a dielectric material other than air disposed on the substrate substantially covering the aperture, the dielectric medium having a cross sectional boundary as viewed in the plan view of the device, the cross sectional boundary having at least one recessed portion that recesses inward toward the aperture from a tangent line that partially bounds the cross sectional boundary; wherein the length L is not perpendicular to the tangent line.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes: an electromagnetically reflective structure having an electrically conductive structure and a plurality of electrically conductive electromagnetic reflectors that are integrally formed with or are in electrical communication with the electrically conductive structure; wherein the plurality of reflectors are disposed relative to each other in an ordered arrangement; and, wherein each reflector of the plurality of reflectors forms a wall that defines and at least partially circumscribes a recess having an electrically conductive base that forms part of or is in electrical communication with the electrically conductive structure.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes at least one dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, and at least one dielectric waveguide, DWG, configured so that during operation of the electromagnetic device, the at least one DRA provides an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DWG, or the at least one DWG provides an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DRA. The at least one DWG has a three-dimensional, 3D, shape that is different from a 3D shape of the at least one DRA.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, apparatus includes: a unit cell having at least two dielectric resonator antennas, DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is distinctly different from another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is not electromagnetically coupled with another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein the unit cell is configured to operate over a defined overall frequency range; wherein a first DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a first frequency range within the overall frequency range; wherein a second DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a second frequency range within the overall frequency range that is different from the first frequency range.

Abstract: A method of making a dielectric, Dk, electromagnetic, EM, structure, includes: providing a first mold portion comprising substantially identical ones of a first plurality of recesses arranged in an array; filling the first plurality of recesses with a curable first Dk composition having a first average dielectric constant greater than that of air after full cure; placing a substrate on top of and across multiple ones of the first plurality of recesses filled with the first Dk composition, and at least partially curing the curable first Dk composition; and, removing the substrate with the at least partially cured first Dk composition from the first mold portion, resulting in an assembly having the substrate and a plurality of Dk forms including the at least partially cured first Dk composition, each of the plurality of Dk forms having a three dimensional, 3D, shape defined by corresponding ones of the first plurality of recesses.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, apparatus, includes: a first portion having an EM signal feed; and a second portion disposed on the first portion, the second portion having a shaped metallized form having at least one shaped metallized cavity, the second portion further having a dielectric medium disposed within each of the at least one shaped metallized cavity such that respective ones of the dielectric medium has a 3D shape that conforms to a shape of a corresponding one of the at least one shaped metallized cavity.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes: an electrically conductive ground structure; at least one dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) disposed on the ground structure; at least one electromagnetic (EM) beam shaper disposed proximate a corresponding one of the DRA; and, at least one signal feed disposed electromagnetically coupled to a corresponding one of the DRA. The at least one EM beam shaper having: an electrically conductive horn; a body of dielectric material having a dielectric constant that varies across the body of dielectric material in a specific direction; or, both the electrically conductive horn and the body of dielectric material.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, device, includes: a substrate having a dielectric layer and a first conductive layer at a first side of the substrate, the substrate having a via that extends at least partially through the substrate from the first side toward an opposing second side of the substrate; at least one dielectric structure having at least one non-gaseous dielectric material that forms a first dielectric portion that extends outward from the first side of the substrate, the first dielectric portion having a first average dielectric constant, the at least one dielectric structure further having a second dielectric portion that is contiguous with the first dielectric portion; wherein the second dielectric portion extends into the via of the substrate, the via having a mechanical interlock surface; and wherein the at least one dielectric structure includes a mechanical interlock between the second dielectric portion and the mechanical interlock surface of the via of the substrate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, apparatus includes: a unit cell having at least two dielectric resonator antennas, DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is distinctly different from another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein each one of the at least two DRAs is not electromagnetically coupled with another one of the at least two DRAs; wherein the unit cell is configured to operate over a defined overall frequency range; wherein a first DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a first frequency range within the overall frequency range; wherein a second DRA of the at least two DRAs is configured to operate over a second frequency range within the overall frequency range that is different from the first frequency range.

Abstract: In an aspect, a polarization converter comprises a plurality of alternating high Dk layers and low Dk layers that alternate along an x-direction; wherein neighboring broad surfaces of the respective high Dk layers and low Dk layers are bonded together. In another aspect, a polarization converter can comprise a plurality of alternating high Dk layers and low Dk layers that alternate along a radial direction; wherein neighboring broad surfaces of the respective high Dk layers and low Dk layers are bonded together. The polarization converter is capable of converting an incoming electromagnetic wave to an outgoing electromagnetic wave having a different polarization.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an electromagnetic property of a material sample, includes: a housing having an internal cavity and a removable cover, wherein the housing with cover forms an electromagnetic resonance chamber; a container configured to receive the material sample, wherein the container extends along a y-axis of the housing through opposing sidewalls of the housing and passes through an x-y-z center point of the cavity; two opposing electrical signal lines oriented along an x-axis of the housing are disposed and configured to couple to an electromagnetic resonant mode of the cavity; at least one resonator concentrically disposed about the container and disposed within the cavity, wherein the at least one resonator is fixed or fixedly movable relative to the y-axis; and, a frequency tuner concentrically disposed about the container and at least partially disposed within the cavity, wherein the frequency tuner is fixedly movable along the y-axis.

Abstract: A connected-DRA array including: a plurality of DRAs each having at least one volume of non-gaseous dielectric material; each of the plurality of DRAs having a proximal end and a distal end, and an overall height, H, from the proximal end to the distal end; wherein each of the plurality of DRAs is physically connected to at least one other of the plurality of DRAs via a relatively thin connecting structure being relatively thin as compared to an overall outside dimension of one of the plurality of DRAs, each connecting structure having a cross sectional overall height, h, as observed in the elevation view of the connected-DRA array, that is less than the overall height, H, of a respective connected DRA and being formed of a thin sheet of the at least one volume of non-gaseous dielectric material; wherein the thin sheet extends over a substantial portion of the connected-DRA array as observed in a plan view of the connected-DRA array.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) includes: a volume of a dielectric material configured to be responsive to a signal feed, the signal feed being productive of a main E-field component having a defined direction ? in the DRA; wherein the volume of a dielectric material includes a volume of non-gaseous dielectric material having an inner region having a dielectric medium having a first dielectric constant, the volume of non-gaseous dielectric material that is other than the inner region having a second dielectric constant, the first dielectric constant being less than the second dielectric constant; wherein the volume of non-gaseous dielectric material has a cross sectional overall height Hv as observed in an elevation view of the DRA, and a cross sectional overall width Wv in a direction parallel to the defined direction ? as observed in the plan view of the DRA; and wherein Hv is greater than Wv/2.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, component operational at a defined operating frequency, includes: a body of material having at least one magneto-dielectric material, MDM, with a magnetic material having a relative permeability greater than one and dielectric material having a relative permittivity greater than one, at the defined operating frequency; wherein the magnetic material has one of: a multi-phase crystal structure; or, a non-cubic crystal structure; and, wherein the EM component is at least one of; an EM resonator, and an EM beam shaper.

Abstract: An electromagnetic, EM, device, includes: a substrate having a dielectric layer and a first conductive layer at a first side of the substrate, the substrate having a via that extends at least partially through the substrate from the first side toward an opposing second side of the substrate; at least one dielectric structure having at least one non-gaseous dielectric material that forms a first dielectric portion that extends outward from the first side of the substrate, the first dielectric portion having a first average dielectric constant, the at least one dielectric structure further having a second dielectric portion that is contiguous with the first dielectric portion; wherein the second dielectric portion extends into the via of the substrate, the via having a mechanical interlock surface; and wherein the at least one dielectric structure includes a mechanical interlock between the second dielectric portion and the mechanical interlock surface of the via of the substrate.

Abstract: A connected dielectric resonator antenna array (connected-DRA array) operational at an operating frequency and associated wavelength, includes: a plurality of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), each of the plurality of DRAs having at least one volume of non-gaseous dielectric material; wherein each of the plurality of DRAs is physically connected to at least one other of the plurality of DRAs via a relatively thin connecting structure, each connecting structure being relatively thin as compared to an overall outside dimension of one of the plurality of DRAs, each connecting structure having a cross sectional overall height that is less than an overall height of a respective connected DRA and being formed from at least one of the at least one volume of non-gaseous dielectric material, each connecting structure and the associated volume of the at least one volume of non-gaseous dielectric material forming a single monolithic portion of the connected-DRA array.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes at least one dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, and at least one dielectric waveguide, DWG, configured so that during operation of the electromagnetic device, the at least one DRA provides an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DWG, or the at least one DWG provides an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DRA. The at least one DWG has a three-dimensional, 3D, shape that is different from a 3D shape of the at least one DRA.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an electromagnetic device, comprises a substrate a substrate comprising a dielectric layer and a first conductive layer; at least one dielectric structure comprising at least one non-gaseous dielectric material that forms a first dielectric portion that extends outward from the first side of the substrate, the first dielectric portion having an average dielectric constant and an optional second dielectric portion that extends into an optional via. The at least one dielectric structure is bonded to the substrate by at least one of: a mechanical interlock between the second dielectric portion and the substrate due to the at least one interlocking slot comprising a retrograde surface; an intermediate layer located in between the dielectric structure and the substrate having a roughened surface; or an adhesive material located in between the dielectric structure and the substrate.