Abstract: This invention describes a set of related procedures designed to co-operate with mints of digital money in order to allow for said money to be properly, securely, and conveniently traded by, various size and various type of trading crowds. The procedures refer mainly to distribution of responsibility. This invention also specifies the construction of digital coins encapsulated in a physical housing to amount to off-line tradable digital coins.

Abstract: Presenting a framework for digital finance based on the notion of a unified digital expression to value and identity which carries this value—advancing beyond the standard form of digital finance where value (a number) is expressed without any coin, or bill identity. The solution is based on ordered financial bits (fbits) which may be comprised of ingredient fbits, or of elemental fbits which are qbits—real or simulated. As such this solution (BitMint) is ready for quantum computing when it materializes commercially. A BitMinted entity carries its terms of exchange, and redemption; it may carry its transactional history, and apply equally to cash, credit and investment instruments. It allows full operational flexibility to its controllers who mint and redeem it. The BitMinted entity, BitMint “coin”, or simply “coin” will keep transacting even if the Internet is slow, or jammed. The coin may be cut to any small denomination desired, or lumped to any large sum of interest.

Abstract: A transmitter encodes information with randomly flipped bits. A cipher key that includes for each letter of an alphabet a unique string of binary bits of length N and a total amount of bits M to be randomly flipped where M<N are stored using a secure memory. An information message that includes a series of one or more letters is received using a transmitter. The cipher key is read from the secure memory and at least one letter of the series is converted to a corresponding unique string of binary bits of length N. The total amount of bits M to flip are read from the secure memory, the M bits of the unique string are randomly selected, and the M bits are flipped to the opposite binary value. The string with M flipped bits is transmitted through a communications channel.

Abstract: Representing personal information and confidential data in a way that allows a data center to authenticate a customer submitting his or her credentials, without having the exact copy of the credentials held by the customer. If the data center is compromised and the customer authentication data is exposed, the data center arms itself with another non-exact copy of the customer authentication data such that only the customer holding the un-compromised data will properly authenticate themselves. A thief, holding the now defunct data center version of the customer authentication data, will not be able to use the stolen customer authentication data to authenticate themselves as the customer.

Abstract: Generally ciphers project a fixed measure of security, defined by the complexity of their algorithms. Alas, threat is variable, and should be met with matching security. It is useless to project insufficient security, and it is wasteful and burdensome to over-secure data. Advanced BitFlip comes with threat-adjustable flexibility, established via: (i) smart decoy strategy, (ii) parallel encryption, (iii) uniform letter frequency adjustment—tools which enable the BitFlip user to (a) adjust its ciphertexts to match the appraised threat, and (b) sustain security levels for aging keys. The use of these threat-adjusting tools may be automated to allow (1) AI engines to enhance the security service of the cipher, and (2) to enable remote hard-to-access IoT devices to keep aging keys useful, and preserve precious energy by matching security to the ad-hoc threat level. BitFlip may also be operated in a zero-leakage mode where no attributes of a conversation are disclosed, up to full steganographic levels.

Abstract: This invention devises a way to ‘finger print’ data so that the value it carries is accompanied by unique ‘data print’ to identify its handlers and history. It calls for expressing data in a unary mode to free the bit identities to carry information other than the primary value of the data.

Abstract: This invention amounts to tools and procedures designed to use randomness sources to establish a secure communication between two nodes in cyber space, and then building on these bilateral trust elements to spread trust throughout the network. Applications include online identity management, and secure payment platforms. This trust build-up from bilateral connections may serve as a blockchain alternative. The bilateral trust solution is not based on mathematical complexity, as the prevailing solutions, but rather on the perfect unpredictability of quantum grade randomness, and as such it is well positioned to withstand cryptanalytic attacks based on quantum computing capability now secretly developed by powerful adversaries.

Abstract: A system that efficiently packs indefinitely large quantities of random data in sufficiently identical physical entities (“Random Rocks”, “Rocks”) so that all holders of a matching Rock will extract from it the same data, in response to the same data request, (“query”); the packed random data is inherently analog, not digital, in form; the Rock always responds with the same data to the same data request, which must be presented one request at a time.

Abstract: This invention establishes means and protocols to secure data, and practice online authentication, using large undisclosed amounts of randomness, replacing the algorithmic complexity paradigm. Computation is limited to basic primitives like transposition, and bit-flipping. Security is credibly appraised through combinatorics calculus, and this transfers the security responsibility to the user who determines how much randomness to use.

Abstract: This invention establishes means and protocols to secure data, using large undisclosed amounts of randomness, replacing the algorithmic complexity paradigm. Its security is credibly appraised through combinatorics calculus, and it transfers the security responsibility to the user who determines how much randomness to use. This Trans-Vernam cryptography is designed to intercept the Internet of Things where the ‘things’ operate on limited computing capacity and are fueled by fast draining batteries. Randomness in large amounts may be quickly and conveniently stored in the most basic IOT devices, keeping the network safe.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for constructing a digital money from concatenated or otherwise linked bit strings. Several applications of digital coins include (i) means to secure the use of money according to the prevailing understanding between payer and payee, (ii) a method by which a mint entity that mints and redeems digital money collaborates with traders to jointly earn interest, or jointly gamble in the stock market, or other markets, (iii) a method by which a mint entity that mints and redeems digital money collaborates with merchants, their customers, and credit-extending entities (CEE) to allow the CEE to extend credit to selected group of customers, so that these customers can shop with any participating merchant, and (iv) a method for utility consumption on a real-time basis by splitting digital coins at a rate that pays exactly for the utility measure being consumed.

Abstract: This invention combines digital money constructs with investment instruments to achieve an economic leverage in favor of target charitable causes. It is based on the fact the digital tokens, representing claim checks for cash, may be traded like cash while the cash itself is used elsewhere.

Abstract: A universal serial bus (USB) device is provided for storing a digital coin. The USB device includes an electronic media for storing a digital coin, a USB male port connected to the electronic media; and circuitry to erase bits of the digital coin from the electronic media as the bits are sent from the USB male port.

Abstract: This invention describes a set of related procedures designed to co-operate with mints of digital money in order to allow for said money to be properly, securely, and conveniently traded by, various size and various type of trading crowds. The procedures refer mainly to distribution of responsibility. This invention also specifies the construction of digital coins encapsulated in a physical housing to amount to off-line tradable digital coins.

Abstract: Methods and systems providing for versatile, smooth, effective, and secure delivery of power and other utilities based on frictionless payment that exploits the co-emergence of complementary technologies: (i) digital money, and (ii) retail energy generation and trade. Cost effective means provide for (a) pay-as-you-go protocols replacing invoicing, collection, and related court proceedings, (b) allow instant rewards to consumers who use power in a helpful way, (c) provide for retail trade between spot power generators, and near by consumers, and (d) promote trade with “green dollars,” money that bears witness to its positive environmental impact.

Abstract: Equivoe-T complements its erosive cryptographic intractability with durable cryptographic equivocation. The captured ciphertext C generated through plaintext P using key K, may also be generated via a ‘fake plaintext’ P??P using a different key, K??K, presenting the cryptanalyst with a conclusive doubt as to the identity of the true plaintext. Prospectively there will be numerous plausible non-overlapping plaintext candidates, all guarding the identity of the true plaintext.

Abstract: This invention describes a set of related procedures designed to co-operate with mints of digital money in order to allow for said money to be properly, securely, and conveniently traded by, various size and various type of trading crowds. The procedures refer mainly to distribution of responsibility. This invention also specifies the construction of digital coins encapsulated in a physical housing to amount to off-line tradable digital coins.

Abstract: System and methods for various knowledge dissemination and grading over a network comprised of human and/or artificial intelligence entities; leveraged by pay-as-you-go for services provided at any resolution, and paid for real time with digital cash. Enhancing fairness and efficiency by replacing subscription models with per-use payment regimen.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for utilizing a digital coin in conjunction with Internet transported media so that digital money may real-time, counter-parallel flow relative to the media flow, to enable the recipient to pay the source for its media goods, and also digital money may parallel-flow with the media to pay off hubs and nodes on its way, in order to prioritize its throughput.

Abstract: This invention describes a set of related procedures designed to co-operate with mints of digital money in order to allow for said money to be properly, securely, and conveniently traded by, various size and various type of trading crowds. The procedures refer mainly to distribution of responsibility. This invention also specifies the construction of digital coins encapsulated in a physical housing to amount to off-line tradable digital coins.