Abstract: Systems and methods for additive manufacturing of biological matter with desired non-homogeneous and non-isotropic textures from deposited 2-D or 3-D printed elements. Desired textures, such as anisotropic structure at the microscale level, are achieved through a combination of controlled chemical, thermal and freezing steps producing crosslinked anisotropic structures by directional solidification. The apparatus has a movable printing platform associated with a heating module and a cooling module separated by a gap that creates a thermal gradient permitting directional solidification of a printed object as the platform moves over the modules.

Abstract: The disclosure provides processes for temperature and pressure controlled cryopreservation of samples by using isochoric systems.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing biological matter is provided. The method includes preparing an aqueous solution, combining the aqueous solution with a thickening gent, forming the combination into a plurality of two-dimensional individual volume elements in parallel, assembling the plurality of individual volume elements in a three-dimensional array and solidifying the three-dimensional array. Methods of additive manufacturing a food product and a three-dimensional structure with aqueous solution or organic matter are also provided. A system for additively depositing elements including an aqueous solution or organic matter is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure provides processes for temperature and pressure controlled cryopreservation of samples by using isochoric systems.