Abstract: An Organ-Mimicking Organ-on-a-Chip is provided. The Organ-Mimicking Organ-on-a-Chip comprises a cell culture layer and a platform including a membrane part on which the cell culture layer is seated and an air chamber providing deformation force to the membrane part. The cell culture layer is capable of two-dimensional or three-dimensional deformation according to the deformation of the membrane part. The air chamber provides periodic compression and tensile stimulation through injection and discharge of gas, thereby mimicking dynamic mechanical movement occurring in the actual human body. Various embodiments include configurations with lateral deformation, vertical deformation, and combinations thereof. The device can be used for drug evaluation, disease modeling, and tissue engineering applications.