Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for measuring an impedance of one or more target cells before and after an electroporation protocol has been applied to the one or more target cells. The result of the impedance measurement provides a feedback control that can be implemented during and/or after the electroporation protocol to customize the electrical treatment for a particular target cell or cellular tissue.

Abstract: Highly sensitive sensor platforms for the detection of specific reagents, such as chromate, gasoline and biological species, using microcantilevers and other microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) whose surfaces have been modified with photochemically attached organic monolayers, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAM), or gold-thiol surface linkage are taught. The microcantilever sensors use photochemical hydrosilylation to modify silicon surfaces and gold-thiol chemistry to modify metallic surfaces thereby enabling individual microcantilevers in multicantilever array chips to be modified separately. Terminal vinyl substituted hydrocarbons with a variety of molecular recognition sites can be attached to the surface of silicon via the photochemical hydrosilylation process.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least to electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.

Abstract: A chemically functionalized cantilever system has a cantilever coated on one side thereof with a reagent or biological species which binds to an analyte. The system is of particular value when the analyte is a toxic chemical biological warfare agent or an explosive.

Abstract: Highly sensitive sensor platforms for the detection of specific reagents, such as chromate, gasoline and biological species, using microcantilevers and other microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) whose surfaces have been modified with photochemically attached organic monolayers, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAM), or gold-thiol surface linkage are taught. The microcantilever sensors use photochemical hydrosilylation to modify silicon surfaces and gold-thiol chemistry to modify metallic surfaces thereby enabling individual microcantilevers in multicantilever array chips to be modified separately. Terminal vinyl substituted hydrocarbons with a variety of molecular recognition sites can be attached to the surface of silicon via the photochemical hydrosilylation process.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric substrate for a clothes dryer fabric softener sheet is formed from substantially continuous filaments having a denier in the range of 2 to 12 denier per filament. The filaments include matrix filaments formed of polyester homopolymer and binder filaments formed of a polyester copolymer. A multiplicity of bonds exist throughout the fabric at locations where the binder filaments contact other filaments. These bonds integrate the fabric into a coherent nonwoven fabric with a grab tensile strength of at least 6 pounds per inch in the machine direction and at least 3.5 pounds per inch in the cross direction. The fabric has a basis weight of no more than 0.50 ounce per square yard and a thickness from about 0.180 mm to about 0.200 mm.

Abstract: In a lipstick container of basically orthodox type, comprising a body and sleeve with co-operating axial and helical slots to impart axial movement to a lipstick-bearing cup on relative rotation, there is a breakable web across one of the slots, preferably the axial one, acting to obstruct inadvertent movement of the cup so that the container can be shipped and displayed for sale with the lipstick projecting from the body and visible through a transparent cover. Subsequent deliberate action by the user to retract or advance the lipstick will break the web.