Abstract: A differential pressure sensor includes two pressure ports for allowing media to pass into contact with both the top and bottom sides of the diaphragm. A silicon pressure sensor die can be attached between the pressure ports using die attach materials for sensing a differential pressure between the media to evaluate media differential pressure. A cap with an opening can be placed on topside of a diaphragm formed in the silicon pressure die. The silicon pressure die can include die bond pads that can be electrically connected to the diaphragm to output electrical signals. The cap can seal the die bond pads from the harsh media and route the electrical signals therein. Media can pass through the opening in the cap such that a media path to the top of the diaphragm is not exposed to the die bond pads of the silicon pressure die to ensure long-term sensor reliability.

Abstract: The sensor geometry for improved package stress isolation is disclosed. A counterbore on the backing plate improves stress isolation properties of the sensor. The counterbore thins the wall of the backing plate maintaining the contact area with the package. The depth and diameter of the counterbore can be adjusted to find geometry for allowing the backing plate to absorb more package stresses. Thinning the wall of the backing plate make it less rigid and allows the backing plate to absorb more of the stresses produced at the interface with the package. The counterbore also keeps a large surface area at the bottom of the backing plate creating a strong bond with the package.

Abstract: A robust sensor, such as a robust flow sensor or pressure sensor, is provided. In one illustrative embodiment, a robust flow sensor includes one or more flow sensor components secured relative to a membrane, and a substrate for supporting the membrane. In some cases, the one or more flow sensor components may be substantially thermally isolated from the substrate by the membrane. One or more wire bond pads may be situated adjacent to a first side of the substrate and may be provided for communicating signals relative to the one or more flow sensor components. A top cap may be situated adjacent to the first side of the substrate and secured relative to the substrate. The top cap may define at least part of a fluid inlet and/or an outlet of the flow sensor assembly, and may at least partially define a flow channel that extends from the inlet, past at least one of the one or more flow sensor components, and out the outlet of the flow sensor assembly.

Abstract: A flow sensor apparatus that utilizes a pressure sensor with media isolated electrical connections. A cap can be attached to topside of the pressure sensor over a diaphragm to protect bond pads and wire bonds from a fluid media. A flow channel can be etched on the cap with an opening and exit on the sides of the cap so that liquid can flow through the flow channel. An inlet port and an outlet port can be attached to the channel's opening and exit to allow for fluid flow over the diaphragm. The flow channel creates a larger pressure over portions of the diaphragm that increases the deflection of the diaphragm, which increases an output signal of the pressure sensor. V-grooves can be created on two sides of the pressure sensor and in the cap to create the channel for the fluid in and out of the cap's cavity.

Abstract: The sensor geometry for improved package stress isolation is disclosed. A counterbore on the backing plate improves stress isolation properties of the sensor. The counterbore thins the wall of the backing plate maintaining the contact area with the package. The depth and diameter of the counterbore can be adjusted to find geometry for allowing the backing plate to absorb more package stresses. Thinning the wall of the backing plate make it less rigid and allows the backing plate to absorb more of the stresses produced at the interface with the package. The counterbore also keeps a large surface area at the bottom of the backing plate creating a strong bond with the package.

Abstract: The sensor geometry for improved package stress isolation is disclosed. A counterbore on the backing plate improves stress isolation properties of the sensor. The counterbore thins the wall of the backing plate maintaining the contact area with the package. The depth and diameter of the counterbore can be adjusted to find geometry for allowing the backing plate to absorb more package stresses. Thinning the wall of the backing plate make it less rigid and allows the backing plate to absorb more of the stresses produced at the interface with the package. The counterbore also keeps a large surface area at the bottom of the backing plate creating a strong bond with the package.

Abstract: A flow sensor apparatus that utilizes a pressure sensor with media isolated electrical connections. A cap can be attached to topside of the pressure sensor over a diaphragm to protect bond pads and wire bonds from a fluid media. A flow channel can be etched on the cap with an opening and exit on the sides of the cap so that liquid can flow through the flow channel. An inlet port and an outlet port can be attached to the channel's opening and exit to allow for fluid flow over the diaphragm. The flow channel creates a larger pressure over portions of the diaphragm that increases the deflection of the diaphragm, which increases an output signal of the pressure sensor. V-grooves can be created on two sides of the pressure sensor and in the cap to create the channel for the fluid in and out of the cap's cavity.

Abstract: A flow sensor apparatus that utilizes a pressure sensor with media isolated electrical connections. A cap can be attached to topside of the pressure sensor over a diaphragm to protect bond pads and wire bonds from a fluid media. A flow channel can be etched on the cap with an opening and exit on the sides of the cap so that liquid can flow through the flow channel. An inlet port and an outlet port can be attached to the channel's opening and exit to allow for fluid flow over the diaphragm. The flow channel creates a larger pressure over portions of the diaphragm that increases the deflection of the diaphragm, which increases an output signal of the pressure sensor. V-grooves can be created on two sides of the pressure sensor and in the cap to create the channel for the fluid in and out of the cap's cavity.

Abstract: A flip-chip flow sensor has electrical components, such as temperature sensors and a heater, on the top of a substrate and has a channel formed in the bottom of the substrate. The channel is separated from the substrate's top by a membrane of substrate material. A fluid flowing through the channel is separated from a heater, upstream temperature sensor, downstream temperature sensor, bond pads, and wire bonds by the membrane. Heat flows through the membrane easily because the membrane is thin. As such, the electrical elements of the flow sensor, the bond pads and the wires are physically separated from a fluid flowing through the channel but can function properly because they are not thermally isolated.

Abstract: A flow sensor apparatus that utilizes a pressure sensor with media isolated electrical connections. A cap can be attached to topside of the pressure sensor over a diaphragm to protect bond pads and wire bonds from a fluid media. A flow channel can be etched on the cap with an opening and exit on the sides of the cap so that liquid can flow through the flow channel. An inlet port and an outlet port can be attached to the channel's opening and exit to allow for fluid flow over the diaphragm. The flow channel creates a larger pressure over portions of the diaphragm that increases the deflection of the diaphragm, which increases an output signal of the pressure sensor. V-grooves can be created on two sides of the pressure sensor and in the cap to create the channel for the fluid in and out of the cap's cavity.

Abstract: A volumetric fluid flow sensor (100) includes a flow channel (120) for flowing a fluid therein; and a diaphragm (110) having an outer surface within the flow channel (120). The diaphragm (110) includes at least one flow disrupting feature mechanically coupled to or emerging from the outer surface of the diaphragm (110). A sensing structure (126) is coupled to the diaphragm (110) for generating a sensing signal responsive to a pressure signal on the diaphragm (110).

Abstract: A volumetric fluid flow sensor (100) includes a flow channel (120) for flowing a fluid therein; and a diaphragm (110) having an outer surface within the flow channel (120). The diaphragm (110) includes at least one flow disrupting feature mechanically coupled to or emerging from the outer surface of the diaphragm (110). A sensing structure (126) is coupled to the diaphragm (110) for generating a sensing signal responsive to a pressure signal on the diaphragm (110).

Abstract: A Hall-effect device with a merged and/or non-merged complementary structure in order to cancel stress induced offsets includes an n-type epitaxial Hall element and a p-type Hall element. The p-type Hall element can be implanted directly on top of the n-type epitaxial Hall element. The merged Hall elements can be biased in parallel to provide a zero-bias depletion layer throughout for isolation. The output of the p-type Hall element can be connected to the geometrically corresponding output of the n-type epitaxial Hall element through a suitable resistance. The output signal can be taken at the outputs of the n-type element. The Hall-effect device can be constructed utilizing standard processes.

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor includes two pressure ports for allowing media to pass into contact with both the top and bottom sides of the diaphragm. A silicon pressure sensor die can be attached between the pressure ports using die attach materials for sensing a differential pressure between the media to evaluate media differential pressure. A cap with an opening can be placed on topside of a diaphragm formed in the silicon pressure die. The silicon pressure die can include die bond pads that can be electrically connected to the diaphragm to output electrical signals. The cap can seal the die bond pads from the harsh media and route the electrical signals therein. Media can pass through the opening in the cap such that a media path to the top of the diaphragm is not exposed to the die bond pads of the silicon pressure die to ensure long-term sensor reliability.

Abstract: A Hall-effect device with a merged and/or non-merged complementary structure in order to cancel stress induced offsets includes an n-type epitaxial Hall element and a p-type Hall element. The p-type Hall element can be implanted directly on top of the n-type epitaxial Hall element. The merged Hall elements can be biased in parallel to provide a zero-bias depletion layer throughout for isolation. The output of the p-type Hall element can be connected to the geometrically corresponding output of the n-type epitaxial Hall element through a suitable resistance. The output signal can be taken at the outputs of the n-type element. The Hall-effect device can be constructed utilizing standard processes.

Abstract: The sensor geometry for improved package stress isolation is disclosed. A counterbore on the backing plate improves stress isolation properties of the sensor. The counterbore thins the wall of the backing plate maintaining the contact area with the package. The depth and diameter of the counterbore can be adjusted to find geometry for allowing the backing plate to absorb more package stresses. Thinning the wall of the backing plate make it less rigid and allows the backing plate to absorb more of the stresses produced at the interface with the package. The counterbore also keeps a large surface area at the bottom of the backing plate creating a strong bond with the package.

Abstract: A gauge pressure sensor apparatus and a method of forming the same. A constraint wafer can be partially etched to set the diaphragm size, followed by bonding to a top wafer. The thickness of the top wafer is either the desired diaphragm thickness or is thinned to the desired thickness after bonding. The bonding of top wafer and constraint wafer enables electrochemical etch stopping. This allows the media conduit to be etched through the back of the constraint wafer and an electrical signal produced when the etching reaches the diaphragm. The process prevents the diaphragm from being over-etched. The invention allows the die size to be smaller than die where the diaphragm size is set by etching from the back side.

Abstract: A gauge pressure sensor apparatus and a method of forming the same. A constraint wafer can be partially etched to set the diaphragm size, followed by bonding to a top wafer. The thickness of the top wafer is either the desired diaphragm thickness or is thinned to the desired thickness after bonding. The bonding of top wafer and constraint wafer enables electrochemical etch stopping. This allows the media conduit to be etched through the back of the constraint wafer and an electrical signal produced when the etching reaches the diaphragm. The process prevents the diaphragm from being over-etched. The invention allows the die size to be smaller than die where the diaphragm size is set by etching from the back side.

Abstract: A single mode VCSEL including a substrate having a lower surface and an upper surface, a bottom electrical contact disposed along the lower surface of the substrate, a lower mirror portion disposed upon the upper surface of the substrate, an active region disposed upon the lower mirror portion, an upper mirror portion disposed upon the active region, an equipotential layer disposed upon the upper mirror portion, an insulating layer interposed between the upper mirror portion and the equipotential layer and adapted to form an aperture therebetween, and an upper contact portion disposed upon the equipotential layer outside the perimeter of the aperture.

Abstract: A flip-chip flow sensor has electrical components, such as temperature sensors and a heater, on the top of a substrate and has a channel formed in the bottom of the substrate. The channel is separated from the substrate's top by a membrane of substrate material. A fluid flowing through the channel is separated from a heater, upstream temperature sensor, downstream temperature sensor, bond pads, and wire bonds by the membrane. Heat flows through the membrane easily because the membrane is thin. As such, the electrical elements of the flow sensor, the bond pads and the wires are physically separated from a fluid flowing through the channel but can function properly because they are not thermally isolated.