Abstract: In a track while scan radar which pinpoints a target location by comparing target return voltage summations in the early half of a range gate with those in the late half of the range gate, and with the target return voltage summations in the left half of a multi-pulse azimuth gate with those in the right half of the azimuth gate, noise and clutter are clipped by means of a clipping signal level which is chosen from the lower value of the summation of the early and late target return voltage summations and the summation of the right and left target return voltage summations, thereby using the noise, clutter and target return signal within the target window in one scan to derive the clipping level for a succeeding scan.

Abstract: In the measurement of the phase difference (proportional to the elevation angle of a target) provided by the radar target signals that are received by each antenna of an antenna array, a comparison of the responses of the signal processing circuitry to the radar target signals and to two signals with an adjustable known phase difference, causes the known phase difference to change until the result of the comparison is a null. The known phase difference, at the time that the comparison provides a null, is equal to the phase difference provided by the radar target signals and is independent of phase errors introduced by the processing circuitry.