Abstract: Apparatus sealably incorporating a fuel metering device and fuel processing device [200, 200a, 200b] for producing a stabilized fog of fuel droplets sized 50 microns and less that when mixed with combustion air burn completely, reduce or eliminate detonation (knock) in internal combustion engines and reduce fuel octane requirements. The apparatus [200, 200a, 200b] may include a carrier gas reservoir [216, 216a] closed to external carrier gasses. A heater [205] may be employed to flash into vapor a portion of the liquid fuel to develop a carrier gas. In embodiments for jet or turbine engines, bleed gas from the engine may be used to provide carrier gas through a fuel processor [254], or the fuel may be heated-by-heater [260] to flash some of the fuel into vapor to provide carrier gas through the fuel processor to produce the stabilized fog of fuel droplets.

Abstract: A fuel processing device (2) is provided that produces fuel aerosol particles (5) that when mixed with combustion air, reduces or eliminates detonation (knock) in internal combustion engines, reducing fuel octane requirements and improving burning characteristics of the fuel. The device includes an adapter (10) between fuel injector (12) and port (14) for the fuel injector, the adapter being of a hollow cylindrical configuration. A plurality of plates (46) are disposed in the adapter, plates (46) provided with a central opening (50), with radially extending slots (52) extending away from the central opening (50). Each slot has one edge configured with a vane (56) that creates turbulence in the air/fuel mix passing through the adapter so that larger droplets are broken up into smaller droplets until an optimum droplet size is reached.

Abstract: A fuel processing device [2] is provided that produces properly sized fuel aerosol particles [5] that when mixed with combustion air, reduces or eliminates detonation (knock) in internal combustion engines thus reducing fuel octane requirements for engines of a given compression ratio. The device includes an adapter [10] between a fuel injector [12] and a port [14] for the fuel injector, the adapter being generally of a hollow cylindrical configuration. A plurality of plates [46] are disposed in the adapter, the plates provided with a central opening [50], with radially extending slots [52] extending away from the central opening [50]. Each slot has one edge configured with a vane [56] that creates turbulence in the air/fuel mix passing through the adapter so that larger droplets are broken up into smaller droplets until an optimum droplet size is reached.

Abstract: The tree scooper is a mechanical device which shapes a root ball as a plant is being dug. The tree scooper includes an H-mount with internally mounted hydraulic cylinders, a power slider for linear motion along the H-mount and a sleeved hinge used to attach a scoop to the power slider. The tree scooper is operated by a combined rotating and back-sliding action for forming a root ball. The scoop is interchangeable for varying the size and shape of the root balls.