Abstract: A system and a process for replenishing an on-board power source for a propulsion system on a vehicle such as a watercraft are disclosed herein. The power source comprises a first reservoir holding an anolyte and a second reservoir holding a catholyte. The system comprises a shoreside source of DC electricity; a shoreside series of one or more interconnected stacks; and a hydraulic circuit for circulating the anolyte and catholyte. In embodiments wherein two or more shoreside interconnected stacks are used, the stacks may be hydraulically connected in series or in parallel, and electrically connected in a parallel arrangement.

Abstract: A Flow Cell System that utilizes a Vanadium Chemistry is provided. The flow cell system includes a stack, storage tanks for electrolyte, and a rebalance system coupled to correct the electrolyte oxidation state. Methods of rebalancing the negative imbalance and positive imbalance in the flow cell system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A high sensitivity multiple waveform voltammetric method and instrument are provided for use in electrochemical and other applications. The method consists of applying one or several variable potential excitation signals between electrodes of an electrochemical cell to produce an electrochemical reaction in the solution. The excitation signals include a DC bias potential increasing cyclically by a potential step to form a potential staircase signal sweeping across a potential domain, and a number of pulse trains either of opposite polarity or shifted in potential per potential step. An electric current derived from a diffusion flux of ions through the solution is measured as a result of the applied excitation signal.

Abstract: A soil electrode assembly supports an electrode member disposed in soil in front of another electrode member so that a resistivity of a volume of the soil that is between the electrode members is measured by energizing and monitoring the electrode members. The soil electrode assembly includes a substantially flat support member having two principal opposite faces and a lower end drivable into the soil. The support member is made of rigid material. One of the faces of the support member includes a first opening providing an access to a first compartment. The soil electrode assembly also includes a substantially flat insulating member having two principal opposite faces. The insulating member is mounted in the first compartment. One of the faces of the insulating member includes a second opening providing an access to a second compartment. An electrode member is mounted in the second compartment.

Abstract: A probe assembly for measuring resistivity of a soil is connected to a measuring apparatus capable of generating a constant DC current signal into two electric leads. The probe assembly includes a short circuit connector; double-pole double-throw switch having two fixed contacts, and two switched contacts alternatively connectable to the electric leads or to the short circuit connector, respectively; and two electrodes connected to the fixed contacts respectively. Each of the electrodes has a portion of its surface forming a conductive surface. The conductive surfaces are substantially opposite to each other when the electrodes are put into the soil. In a stand-by position, the switched contacts are connected to the short circuit connector.