Abstract: Methods for the in-situ application of coating agent to production tubing within wellbores using plunger lift systems are provided herein. One method includes shutting in the wellbore, pressurizing the production tubing to displace fluids from the production tubing, and dropping a plunger from the surface into the production tubing such that the plunger travels toward the bottom of the production tubing until landing on a bumper spring. The method also includes pumping a predetermined amount of the coating agent from the surface into the production tubing such that the coating agent flows to the bottom of the production tubing and settles on top of the plunger and utilizing the differential pressure between the production tubing and the annulus to return the plunger and the coating agent to the surface, where the coating agent is applied to the inner diameter of the production tubing as it flows toward the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure comprises systems and methods to mine association rules from a dataset provided in the input. This comprises methodologies for optimizing the dataset for efficient computation of association rules, other than methodologies for handling partially true data. Moreover, it includes methodologies for evaluating the mining process automatically and removing uninteresting rules. In addition, it includes methodologies for integrating experts in the evaluation of the rules. Finally, methodologies to automatically detect outliers, correct outliers, update truth values and complete missing data in the original dataset. The overall methodology is completely automated and provides numerous tuning parameters to fit most of the use cases, including a default value for each of the tuning parameters to simplify its usage.

Abstract: Methods and systems for enriching an information system containing information about companies with additional competitor information. The information system, which could be a database, a knowledge base, or a knowledge graph, is assumed to contain information about a plurality of single companies, the information comprising data such as industry codes, competitors, and possibly also keywords for each company. The disclosed methods determine new competitor pairs by combining (i) the generation of new competitor candidate pairs by inference from existing competitors and other company-specific knowledge with (ii) the validation of such competitor candidates pairs by checking for joint occurrence in documents of a document repository.

Abstract: Methods for the in-situ application of coating agent to production tubing within wellbores using plunger lift systems are provided herein. One method includes shutting in the wellbore, pressurizing the production tubing to displace fluids from the production tubing, and dropping a plunger from the surface into the production tubing such that the plunger travels toward the bottom of the production tubing until landing on a bumper spring. The method also includes pumping a predetermined amount of the coating agent from the surface into the production tubing such that the coating agent flows to the bottom of the production tubing and settles on top of the plunger and utilizing the differential pressure between the production tubing and the annulus to return the plunger and the coating agent to the surface, where the coating agent is applied to the inner diameter of the production tubing as it flows toward the surface.

Abstract: Methods for automatically generating a wrapper for extracting web data and corresponding computer systems are disclosed. In one arrangement, a first wrapper is used to generate a second wrapper. The first wrapper extracts target data from one or more target web pages hosted by one or more target web servers. The second wrapper is capable of extracting the same target data from the same one or more target web pages without using a web browser engine to perform a) sending requests to the one or more target web servers, and/or b) processing replies from the one or more target web servers. The generation of the second wrapper comprises analysing one or both of the following: (i) code defining the first wrapper, (ii) interactions between the first wrapper and the one or more target web servers that occur during execution of the first wrapper.

Abstract: Methods for automatically generating a wrapper for extracting web data and corresponding computer systems are disclosed. In one arrangement, a first wrapper is used to generate a second wrapper. The first wrapper extracts target data from one or more target web pages hosted by one or more target web servers. The second wrapper is capable of extracting the same target data from the same one or more target web pages without using a web browser engine to perform a) sending requests to the one or more target web servers, and/or b) processing replies from the one or more target web servers. The generation of the second wrapper comprises analysing one or both of the following: (i) code defining the first wrapper, (ii) interactions between the first wrapper and the one or more target web servers that occur during execution of the first wrapper.

Abstract: A system for automatically generating a wrapper for an entire website, the wrapper characterizing the structure of the website, the system having a plurality of functional elements, including at least one annotation module to classify components of a page and generate an annotated, a page classification module to identify functional and informational components of an annotated page, and an action module to identify an action to be taken to further navigate the website, wherein at least one of the annotation module, page classification module and action module is operable in response to a plurality of domain-specific rules, where a domain is understood as a conceptual domain such as real estate, used cars, or electronics.

Abstract: A system for automatically generating a wrapper for an entire website, the wrapper characterising the structure of the website, the system having a plurality of functional elements, including at least one annotation module to classify components of a page and generate an annotated, a page classification module to identify functional and informational components of an annotated page, and an action module to identify an action to be taken to further navigate the website, wherein at least one of the annotation module, page classification module and action module is operable in response to a plurality of domain-specific rules, where a domain is understood as a conceptual domain such as real estate, used cars, or electronics.

Abstract: A system for automatically generating a wrapper for an entire website, the wrapper characterising the structure of the website, the system having a plurality of functional elements, including at least one annotation module to classify components of a page and generate an annotated, a page classification module to identify functional and informational components of an annotated page, and an action module to identify an action to be taken to further navigate the website, wherein at least one of the annotation module, page classification module and action module is operable in response to a plurality of domain-specific rules, where a domain is understood as a conceptual domain such as real estate, used cars, or electronics.

Abstract: A superconducting composite wire with superconducting phase of magnesium diboride comprises: a core of conductive metal (1); a plurality of filaments in which each filament (3) comprises a core of magnesium diboride (5), placed around said conductive metal core (1); —an outer metallic sheath (4) for containment and mechanical reinforcement, surrounding the said plurality of filaments; and—at least one layer (2, 2a, 2b) of metal chemically compatible with magnesium diboride and capable of acting as an obstacle to the diffusion of the conductive metal of said conductive metal core (1) towards the said filaments (3), up to 980° C. where the said at least one layer is applied a) as a coating (2) of the said conductive metal core and/or b) as a coating (2a) of the said filaments (3), and/or c) as a coating (2b) of the said magnesium diboride core (5) of the said filaments (3).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing superconducting wires based on MgB2 is described and includes the steps of: production of a cylindrical wire comprising an MgB2 core surrounded by a metal covering, in which the core has a lattice structure formed by grains of the compound MgB2; rolling of the wire to produce a conductor in tape form; and subsequent heat treatment by heating to a temperature of between 800° C. to 870° C. This last step helps to increase the connection between the MgB2 grains whilst retaining the structural defects produced in the rolling step, thus producing a superconducting wire with greater current-transport capacity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing superconducting wires based on MgB2 is described and includes the steps of: production of a cylindrical wire comprising an MgB2 core surrounded by a metal covering, in which the core has a lattice structure formed by grains of the compound MgB2; rolling of the wire to produce a conductor in tape form; and subsequent heat treatment by heating to a temperature of between 800° C. to 870° C. This last step helps to increase the connection between the MgB2 grains whilst retaining the structural defects produced in the rolling step, thus producing a superconducting wire with greater current-transport capacity.